Management Yesterday and Today
8th edition
Steven P. harles Renard
C Robbins
Mary Coulter
LEARNING OUTLINE
Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter.
o Historical Background of Management
• Scientific Management o General Administrative Theorists o Quantitative Approach to Management
• Toward Understanding Organizational Behavior o The Systems Approach o The Contingency Approach
2–2
Historical Background of Management
• Ancient Management
Ø། Egypt (pyramids) and China (Great Wall)
Ø། Venetians (floating warship assembly lines)
• Adam Smith
Ø། Published “The Wealth of Nations” in 1776 v༇ Advocated
the division of labor (job specialization) to increase the productivity of workers
• Industrial Revolution
Ø། Substituted machine power for human labor
Ø། Created large organizations in need of management
2–3
Development of Major Management Theories
Exhibit 2.1
2–4
Major Approaches to Management
• Scientific Management
• General Administrative Theory
• Quantitative Management
• Organizational Behavior
• Systems Approach
• Contingency Approach
•
2–5
Scientific Management
• Fredrick Winslow Taylor
Ø། The “father” of scientific management
Ø། Published Principles of Scientific Management (1911) v༇ The
theory of scientific management
– Using scientific methods to define the “one best way” for a job to be done:
• Putting the right person on the job with the correct tools and equipment.
• Having a standardized method of doing the job.
• Providing an economic incentive to the worker.
2–6
Taylor’s Four Principles of Management
1. Develop a science for each element of an individual’s work, which will replace the old rule-of-thumb method.
2. Scientifically select and then train, teach, and develop the worker. 3. Heartily cooperate with the workers so as to ensure that all work is done in accordance with the principles of the science that has been developed.
4. Divide
Steven P. harles Renard
C Robbins
Mary Coulter
LEARNING OUTLINE
Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter.
o Historical Background of Management
• Scientific Management o General Administrative Theorists o Quantitative Approach to Management
• Toward Understanding Organizational Behavior o The Systems Approach o The Contingency Approach
2–2
Historical Background of Management
• Ancient Management
Ø། Egypt (pyramids) and China (Great Wall)
Ø། Venetians (floating warship assembly lines)
• Adam Smith
Ø། Published “The Wealth of Nations” in 1776 v༇ Advocated
the division of labor (job specialization) to increase the productivity of workers
• Industrial Revolution
Ø། Substituted machine power for human labor
Ø། Created large organizations in need of management
2–3
Development of Major Management Theories
Exhibit 2.1
2–4
Major Approaches to Management
• Scientific Management
• General Administrative Theory
• Quantitative Management
• Organizational Behavior
• Systems Approach
• Contingency Approach
•
2–5
Scientific Management
• Fredrick Winslow Taylor
Ø། The “father” of scientific management
Ø། Published Principles of Scientific Management (1911) v༇ The
theory of scientific management
– Using scientific methods to define the “one best way” for a job to be done:
• Putting the right person on the job with the correct tools and equipment.
• Having a standardized method of doing the job.
• Providing an economic incentive to the worker.
2–6
Taylor’s Four Principles of Management
1. Develop a science for each element of an individual’s work, which will replace the old rule-of-thumb method.
2. Scientifically select and then train, teach, and develop the worker. 3. Heartily cooperate with the workers so as to ensure that all work is done in accordance with the principles of the science that has been developed.
4. Divide