Nature , conceps , measurement of nation income
Classical and Keynes approaches
nATIONAL INCOM E:
----The t otal sum of goods and services produced by t he people of a count ry wit h t he help of capit als and national resources called Nat ional Income (Prof. Alfred Marshall)
We can define Nat ional Income as t he collective achievement of a nat ion. In t his way, t he Nat ional Income is t he aggregat e of t he individual incomes. (Prof. Gardner Ackley)
Nat ional Income is t he basic concept of economic, which refers t o t he market value of t he goods and services produced during a part icular year. (Prof. Richard Lipsy)
CONCEPTS OF NATIONAL
INCOme
----1.GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUct
Total value of output (goods and services) produced by the factors of production located within the country’s boundary in a year
GDP = GNP – Net income earned from abroad
2.GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT
Defined as current value of all goods and services produced by the economy during a given period
•
GNP = value of all (final) goods and services produced in a country in one year + income earned by its citizens abroad - income earned by foreigners in the country
3.NET NATIONAL PRODUCT
Net National Product (NNP) is arrived at by making some adjustment, with regard to depreciation, in GNP
GNP – Depreciation = NNP
4.PERSONAL INCOME
Current income received by the individuals or households from all sources including transfer income from government and business during the year
Personal income = net national income + transfer payments – undivided corporate profit – corporate income tax – social security contribution
5.DISPOSABLE PERSONAL INCOme
Actual income which can be spent on consumption by individuals and families
Disposable income = consumption expenditure + Savings
CORPORATE INCOMe Incomes and profits of companies or public corporation
DOMESTIC INCOME
Income generated by the factors of production within the country from its own resources
PER CAPITA INCOME