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Managing and Handling Indiscipline in Schools.

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Managing and Handling Indiscipline in Schools.
MANAGING AND HANDLING INDISCIPLINE IN SCHOOLS
A RESEARCH PROJECT
ISABEL FREIRE, UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA JOÃO AMADO, UNIVERSIDADE DE COIMBRA

ABSTRACT
The research project we present here in (entitled GERLINDES, in Portuguese) is set out with the assumption that there is a link among the representations and the actions within the members of the interstitial groups of schools, the practices in action and social and disciplinary environment at schools. This research project is focused on eight case studies held in schools of different grades, located in the centre of Portugal. Both qualitative (interviews and ethnographic observation) and quantitative methodologies (pupils’ questionnaires) have been used.

KEYWORDS
Indiscipline ; School ethos ; Violence ; Case studies

Managing and handling indiscipline in schools

85

INDISCIPLINE GLANCED THROUGH A PEDAGOGICAL
AND ORGANISATIONAL SCOPE
School indiscipline has been, over time, an issue of concern for educators and we can even state that it has become a huge concern among educators, policy-makers and the public opinion in general, owing to the outbreak of aggressiveness among peers, violence within teacher-student relationship and vandalism, as well. Indiscipline is a multifaceted phenomenon, regarding its displays and causes, as well as its “meanings” and “functions” in the social, psychosocial and pedagogical fields. Concerning the displays, we believe that major situations are framed in what Amado and Freire (2009) points out as the “first level of indiscipline”: those incidents of “disruptive” nature whose “disturbance” affects the “good classroom functioning”. The incidents that might be framed in the second and third levels, are “conflicts among peers” and “conflicts within teacher-student relationship”, which might be taken on proportions of violence and even delinquency, the latter presents a minor frequency than the former (Amado, 2005). Concerning the causes, we can distinguish, among others, those related to



References: AMADO, J. (2005). “Contextos e Formas da Violência Escolar”. Revista Portuguesa de História, Separata, pp. 299-325. Faculdade de Letras, Universidade de Coimbra, Tomo XXXVII. AMADO, J. (2001). Interacção pedagógica e indisciplina na aula. Porto: Edições ASA. AMADO, J. e FREIRE, I. (2009). Indisciplina(s) na escola. Compreender para prevenir. Coimbra: Almedina. BATES, F. & MURRAY, V. K. (1981). L’école, système de comportements, in A. BEAUDOT Sociologie de l’école- pour une analyse de l’établissement scolaire, pp. 53- 67, Paris: Dunod. BLAYA, C. (2003). Elementos de reflexão a partir do comparativismo europeu, in Desafios e alternativas: violências nas escolas. Anais do Seminário Internacional de Violências nas Escolas, pp. 37-56, Brasília, UNESCO, 27-28 de Novembro de 2002. BRONFENBRENNER, U. (1993). The Ecology of Cognitive Development: Research Models and Fugitive Findings, in R..H WOZNIAK & K.W. FISCHER. (Eds). Development in Context. Acting and Thinking in Specific Environments. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. BROPHY, J., & GOOD, T. (1986). Teacher behaviour and student achievement, in M. WITTROCK (Ed.), Handbook of research on teaching (3ª edição). New York: Macmillan. FERREIRA, E. (2007). Contextos, Pretextos e Protagonistas da (In)disciplina na Escola. Um estudo de caso numa Escola de 2º e 3º ciclo. Dissertação de Mestrado, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Lisboa (xeroxed text). FREIRE, I. (2001). Percursos disciplinares e contextos escolares – Dois estudos de caso. Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Lisboa. HENRIQUES, S. (2007). Indisciplina e Clima de escola. Estudo de caso n uma escola EB2,3/S. Dissertação de Mestrado, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Lisboa. LUCIANO, A. (2007). (In)disciplina em Contexto Escolar. Estudo de caso numa escola do 1º ciclo. Dissertação de Mestrado, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Lisboa. PRATA, C. (2006). O Fenómeno da Indisciplina numa Escola do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. Dissertação de Mestrado, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Lisboa. International Journal of Violence and School – 8 – Juin 2009 96 REYNOLDs, D. (1989). Effective schools and pupil behaviour, in N. JONES (Ed.), School management and pupil behaviour, pp. 29-44. London: The Falmer Press. RUTTER, M., et al. (1979). Fifteen thousand hours. Secondary schools and their effects on children. London: Open Books. RODRIGUES, N. (2007). Construção da Disciplina e Clima de Escola (Estudo de caso no 1º ciclo de uma Escola Básica Integrada). Dissertação de Mestrado, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Lisboa. SANTOS, C. (2007). Comportamento Disciplinar versus Clima de Escola. Um estudo de caso numa Escola do 1º Ciclo. Dissertação de Mestrado, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Lisboa. SILVA, E. (2007). A Gestão da (In)disciplina. Perspectivas e práticas de diversos actores. Um estudo de caso no 1º CEB. Dissertação de Mestrado, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Lisboa. YIN, R. K. (1989). Case study research. Design and methods. Newbury Park: Sage Publications. Managing and handling indiscipline in schools 97

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