Manalog Reviewer
MANALOG REVIEWER
TRANSLATING ORDINARY LANGUAGE STATEMENTS INTO CATEGORICAL FORM 1. Terms without Nouns a. Some roses are red. = Some roses are red flowers. i. This proposition has NO NOUN in the predicate ii. We insert “flowers” into the predicate: b. Some snakes are poisonous. = Some snakes are poisonous animals. c. No craftsmen are careless. = No craftsmen are careless people. 2. Non Standard Verbs d. Some college students will become evaluated. = Some college students are persons who will become evaluated. iii. The word “will” is not a standard form. iv. To write this proposition in standard form, we insert “are” for the copula and “persons who” for the predicate. e. Some birds fly south during the winter. = Some birds are animals that fly south during winter. f. All foxes love to eat chicken. = All foxes are animals that love to eat chicken. 3. Singular Propositions g. George went home. = All persons identical to George went home. = All persons identical to George are persons who went home. v. Singular propositions refer to a specific noun. This type of statement lacks proper quantifier, subject term, copula and predicate term. vi. In order to correct this statement, we insert a quantifier: “All” (this indicates parameters) vii. We insert “persons identical to” to give parameters to the subject. viii. Now we have to insert a copula “are” and “persons who” for the predicate. h. Juan Ponce Enrile lead the Impeachment Court. = All persons identical to Juan Ponce Enrile are persons who lead the Impeachment Court. i. Mt. Apo can’t be found in the U.S. = No mountains identical to Mt. Apo are mountains that can’t be found in the U.S. ix. In this, Mt. Apo is a mountain so “mountains” is the one added in the subject term. j. Sandra did not go shopping. = No persons identical to Sandra are persons
TRANSLATING ORDINARY LANGUAGE STATEMENTS INTO CATEGORICAL FORM 1. Terms without Nouns a. Some roses are red. = Some roses are red flowers. i. This proposition has NO NOUN in the predicate ii. We insert “flowers” into the predicate: b. Some snakes are poisonous. = Some snakes are poisonous animals. c. No craftsmen are careless. = No craftsmen are careless people. 2. Non Standard Verbs d. Some college students will become evaluated. = Some college students are persons who will become evaluated. iii. The word “will” is not a standard form. iv. To write this proposition in standard form, we insert “are” for the copula and “persons who” for the predicate. e. Some birds fly south during the winter. = Some birds are animals that fly south during winter. f. All foxes love to eat chicken. = All foxes are animals that love to eat chicken. 3. Singular Propositions g. George went home. = All persons identical to George went home. = All persons identical to George are persons who went home. v. Singular propositions refer to a specific noun. This type of statement lacks proper quantifier, subject term, copula and predicate term. vi. In order to correct this statement, we insert a quantifier: “All” (this indicates parameters) vii. We insert “persons identical to” to give parameters to the subject. viii. Now we have to insert a copula “are” and “persons who” for the predicate. h. Juan Ponce Enrile lead the Impeachment Court. = All persons identical to Juan Ponce Enrile are persons who lead the Impeachment Court. i. Mt. Apo can’t be found in the U.S. = No mountains identical to Mt. Apo are mountains that can’t be found in the U.S. ix. In this, Mt. Apo is a mountain so “mountains” is the one added in the subject term. j. Sandra did not go shopping. = No persons identical to Sandra are persons