Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping

Three Red Banners - Mao Zedong - General Line for Socialist Construction - Great Leap Forward - People's Communes

1. General Line for Socialist Construction Mao said "Go all out, aim high and achieve greater, faster, better and more economical results in building socialism". By urging the Communist Party and the people from China work on Great Leap Forward in order to boost the economic development. It clearly shown to the whole China what the government aim at and giving pressure to the cadres to achieve a good production.

2. Great Leap Forward Agricultural: "Taking grain as the key link", in 1958, summer grain production increased 69% by comparing with 1957. Industrial: "Taking steel as the key link", increase the steel output of 1958 to 10.7 million tons which is a double of 1957.

3. People’s Communes
Communal canteen Based on the communist idea, all the land, houses, animals, and plants were publicly shared. Communal canteen grouped all people together for food with no fee.

Above shown the work done by Mao Zedong on the Three Red Banners. The idea of Three Red
Banners was according to the idea of Communism, sharing property and human sources.
Next, the report will show the negative impact. Three Red Banners - Mao Zedong - General Line for Socialist Construction - Great Leap Forward - People's Communes

1. General Line for Socialist Construction Under the pressure from Mao, cadres must lead people to follow the general line, as an result government lied on the number of the production.

2. Great Leap Forward Agricultural: Without any control on food spending and also the natural disasters, an unsatisfactory production was made and food was used up in the canteen very soon. Industrial: Forcing people to produce a large amount of iron and steel but ignored the quality, in a result human resources wasted on producing useless iron or steel. Also, the tools or utensils were wasted on producing.

3. People’s Communes
Communal canteen Based on the communist idea, all the land, houses, animals, and plants were publicly shared. Communal canteen grouped all people together for food with no fee.

To conclude, the Three Red Banners by Mao Zedong was an ideal policy, but when the time carrying out; Mao Zedong could not solve the problem of failure. Instead, cadres covered until it was found. Problem being larger than before. Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) - Mao Zedong
Background:
Mao Zedong's power being questioned in China. Socialism also being questioned by the people. In order to remove opposition within the party, also brain washing China Citizens of anti-Capitalism. As a result, individualism of Mao Zedong was in everyone's heart. Later, Mao ordered to attack those who are "capitalist roaders" and "revisionists". People with knowledge or money were being struggle.

Affect:
-Economic
-Social

Economic:
In this ten years, production stopped. By using government sponsor, Red Guards travelling everywhere to follow Mao's rebellion idea. Industrial work and agricultural work were stopped at that time. Struggle was adopted to people with knowledge and rich family.

Social:
China culture was destroyed, most of the traditional architecture was damage.
By breaking the four olds, old thinking like Confucius, classical literature, Chinese paintings, eiquette system, Chinese temple and even genealogy book was destroyed or banned.

Schools were closed, teachers were being struggle, idea of "The more knowledgeable, the more reactionary" spread all over China, educated youth were sent to the village for re-educate to uncivilized. Reform and Opening up Policy - Deng Xiaoping - Introducing household contract responsibility system - Reform state-run enterprises and developing market economy - Opening up to the outside world to attract foreign investment

1. Introducing household contract responsibility system Giving farmers the right to have their own farm land to produce their own food after they meet the requirement of Government. It encouraged 800 million farmers own the decision of farmland management.

2. Reform state-run enterprises and developing market economy Before, all the factories were owned by the government. By the time of reformation, special economic zone set up. Shenzhen, Xiamen, Shantou and Zhuhai

3. Opening up to the outside world to attract foreign investment
By attracting foreign investment, started learning the Western management method and tried to apply on China later on. Also, foreign technology like chemical industry and car making were being learnt.

Reform and Opening up Policy is a good start of modernization. Also, it linked China to the international market. Undoubtedly, it was a good policy towards China modernizes development.

Tiananmen Square protest - Deng Xiaoping

Due to the death of Hu Yaobang, people asked for a more equal environment between cadres and public. However, government never communicates to the general public. Until 4/6/1989, Deng Xiaoping made the order to People’s Liberation Army of cleaning Tiananmen Square. More than twenty thousand people was dead or injured.

The main point is, Tiananmen Square protest restricted the freedom of speech towards public. Also, educated youth in China was highly monitored by the government since then.

It led to a backward of modernize since corruption of government not being solved and those idea of improving the Nation was cleaned up by military.

Conclusion
By comparing Mao and Deng’s tactics, Mao used a totalitarianism idea to rule China. People were forced to follow whatever Mao ordered to. Some kind of unreasonable policy, like Cultural Revolution had non benefit for China. Also, the failure of Three Red Banners caused millions of death.
Although Deng did not accept the different voice in the society, his work on Reform and Opening up policy made a great success. It showed a great result on the world. International status being increased due to the rapid development on industry though attracting foreign investment. His idea ”let part of the people being rich first” also make China become wealthy. High technology was being developing and specific professions were not common to see in China. Unlike Cultural Revolution by Mao, educated youth still play an important role on building New-China.