In Naomi Gerstel and Natalia Sarkisian’s published study “The Color of Family Ties: Race, Class, Gender, and Extended Family Involvement,” which appeared in Stephanie Coontz’s American Families: A Multicultural Reader, Gerstel and Sarkisian present their professional opinions of the popular belief in America that White families have stronger kinship ties than those of minority families, namely Black and Latino/a. Gerstel and Sarkisian are professors of sociology at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and at Boston College, respectively; they are also highly acclaimed researchers, publishers, and experts surrounding the sociologic aspects of families, gender, and employment. In “The Color of Family Ties,” the authors Gerstel and Sarkisian argue that a family’s social economic class holds a greater influence on the closeness of its relationships than its ethnicity. The authors accomplish this using an approach that can be paralleled to Galileo’s letter to the Grand Duchess Christina refuting the 16th century false common claim of geocentricism: a brief description of the “false” theory being confronted followed with the suggestion of a novel concept or understanding which contradicts the previously misled concept, backed by supporting evidential research with relevant explanations that untangle the numbers and connect them to the original rebuttal, concluded with a more personal passage that defines and muses about the various real-world applications and significance of the new findings.…
"Race, Ethnicity, and Parenting Styles." Points & Counterpoints: Controversial Relationship and Family Issues in the 21st Century. Los Angeles: Roxbury Company, 2003.…
America’s first biracial child was born in 1620 before anti miscegenation laws were created to prevent African Americans from getting romantically involved with Whites. Negative attitudes towards interracial relationships were fueled by racial discrimination and the devotion to keep each race pure. In today's evolving society interracial relationships are still discouraged, especially between Whites and Blacks (Childs, 2005) due to parental approval and racism. Interracial unions are believed to be evidence of a cultural development resulting from America’s practices of racial boundaries in social interaction (King & Bratter, 2007). In today’s society it is influential to increase contact amongst different races and cultures…
Leiber, Michael J., Mack, Kristin Y., & Featherstone, Richard A. (2008). Family Structure, Family Processes, Economics, and Delinquency: Similarities and Differences by Race and Ethnicity.…
The brutal strategy to destroy the Black family structure is still noticeable today as the dual parent families, high crime rates and incarcerations among the Black community’s male youth, rape and teen pregnancy (Hill, 2009) which plays into many researchers argument that Black women are more vulnerable to prostitution and therefore the sex trade. This is not arguing against the vulnerability of other women to forced prostitution, victimization and criminalization but research over the decade shows Black women at a higher risk than their Caucasian counterparts (Carter, 2004; Nelson, 1993; Stevens-Watkins, 2012; Valandra, 2007).…
Culture diversity is defined as: the cultural variety and cultural differences that exist in the world, a society, or an institution according to dictionary.com. I decided to research the African American culture because their culture interested me most.…
Research proves that identity can be affected by external forces. In C. Seefeldt’s article “Factors Affecting Social Development”, he confirms that identity is shaped by external forces, more specifically, where we are raised, family, and school affect our development. In the article, Seefeldt states that “those exposed to domestic abuse, gang violence…do not feel safe or secure.” And that “their insecurity will interfere with their total…
My family encompasses such a multitude of strengths, that it’s difficult to pinpoint which ones bring about the most positivity. Personally, I would argue that loyalty is the quintessential strength within my family. Each of us knows our family members will always look out for us and provide whatever they can to enhance our own sense of happiness. My family also spends gargantuan levels of time together. Without spending this quality time together, we’d have no way of furthering, strengthening, and maintaining our relationships with one another. If you’re not willing to take an interest in your family members lives and vice-versa, there’s no chance of establishing a strong relationship with one another. More specifically, within my family, I maintain relationships using different strengths with different members. For example, my mom has always shown the utmost respect towards honesty. No matter what I’ve done, as long as I’m honest with her, our relationship stays strong. My sister on…
In the article “The Color of Family Ties: Races, Class, Gender, and Extend Family involvement” by Naomi Gerstel and Natalia Sarkisian, there is a theory that they believe in reality, people misunderstand the wrong concept of family involvement. In this case, we need to realize this conflict is still happening in the societies. Base on the authors’ data, Black and Latinos/Latinas families show that they likely to have less education than the whites families therefore black and Latinos/Latinas will focus on reply the helps from the members of the families rather than being independent (49). Toward more, Gerstel and Sarkisian also discuss that in their researches; women’s work class and their social roles are huge issues in the family and the society, which they examine (50). After Gerstel and Sarkisian talks about the relationship between education and women’s role towards the social class, they additionally argue that the economic conditions are the roots of the families (54). Therefore, the ideal of families’ connections is about the roles that social class has. Social class will play bigger roles in than ethnicity while difference group has developed ways to deal with the emotional and financial changes.…
This also includes their family heritage and how they interact within their family’s environment. By using a cultural ecological framework, the writers of this article conducted a study that explored the racial socialization messages used by mothers of biracial children and how these messages impact their racial identity. It has been proven that families of biracial children instill in them a well-balanced sense of racial identity and socialization. Because the idea of discrimination is so hard to handle and understand at any age, most biracial children are youth are often unprepared to handle the complexity of such issues and may be overwhelmed by the emotions associated with these experiences. While they still may face discrimination and racism, their families can help prepare them for what they might encounter (Rollins & Hunter, 2013). Research has shown that through interaction with their parents, biracial children are giving an understanding regarding their racial heritage and their role within…
In our society today, social class and stratification both play huge roles in how individuals and groups alike interact and function amongst each another. According to Parrillo, social stratification is the hierarchical classification of the members of society based on the unequal distribution of resources, power and prestige. (Parrillo, 2012) Parrillo illustrates the term social class by stating, it designates people’s place in the stratification hierarchy, identifying those in each grouping who share similar levels of income, status, property, power and types of lifestyle.…
Fifty nine years after Brown v. the Board of Education, ask yourself are things progressively better for African Americans? Do we now live in a post racial society; were African- Americans receiving racial equality? Are African- Americans subjected to the same economic opportunities as their white counter parts, and is educational obtainment equal for both groups? These are a few questions that America has struggled with before Brown v. The Board of education, and as many scholar suggest may still be struggling with. President O’ Bama, and Martin Luther King in their speeches to the nation both suggested that these questions still remain unanswered.…
(for exceptions see Garofalo, 1991). Despite this limitation, it is possible to draw from the broader comparative bias crime literature to better understand the disparate ways in which bias violence is quantitatively dissimilar from more common offenses. One way that bias violence is different from average crimes is that the harms caused by discriminatory crime extend well beyond the immediate victims and their families (McDevitt et al., 2001). Researchers contend that that bias violence incidents undermine the stability of collective racial/ethnic groups (Perry, 2001; Perry & Alvi, 2011; Weinstein, 1992), destabilize neighborhoods (Iganski, 2001, 2003, 2008), and unsettle community solidarity (McDevitt et al., 2001; Perry, 2001; Perry & Alvi, 2011). Also important, the demographic features of bias crime are thought to be distinct from more routine criminality. Previous research indicates that White males who are relatively young are more likely to perpetrate bias-related offenses (Berrill, 1990; Comstock, 1991; Garofalo & Martin, 1993; Harry, 1992; Martin, 1996; Maxwell & Maxwell, 1996; Messner, McHugh, & Felson, 2004), including bias-motivated homicides (Gruenewald, 2012, 2013). In one study, Garofolo (1991) discovered that crimes driven by racial and ethnic bias are more likely to be orchestrated by young men than other,…
Despite the external racism, internalized racism is referred as a social psychological process that affects the racial group, including negative identity awareness, societal beliefs and stereotypes (Bryant, 2011). A study recruits 224 African American male youth from four different programmatic sites and finds that internalized racism is a statistically significant risk factor and key predictor for violence, but it is not a significant predictor of aggressive behavior (Bryant, 2011). Most researchers have argued internalized racism among African Americans (Lipsky, 1987; Pheterson, 1990; Pyke & Dang, 2003), but few of them have studied it in education. A study published by Kohli, Johnson and Perez (2006) uses a Critical Race Theory (CRT) framework…
The Impact of Societal Views and Racial Enculturation on Violence and Death Among Black Men in America Eric Mason Major sociological theories of violent crime have successfully linked criminal activity with socioeconomic status. The linkage of socioeconomic conditions to homicides has led to thetheory that the primary determinant of violent crimes lies within a group’s value system and failure to integrate into the dominant culture’s…