ANS. 1 (B)
As a consumer, you are exposed to hundreds and maybe even thousands of commercial messages every day. They may appear in the form of billboards, like the Altoids campaign, or in the form of newspaper ads, TV commercials, coupons, sales letters, publicity, event sponsorships, telemarketing calls, or even e-mails. These are just a few of the many communication tools that companies and organizations use to initiate and maintain contact with their customers, clients, and prospects. You may simply refer to them all as “advertising.” But, in fact, the correct term for these various tools is marketing communications. And advertising is just one type of marketing communications.
So, then, what is advertising?
At the beginning of the twentieth century, Albert Lasker, who today is generally regarded as the father of modern advertising, owned a prominent advertising agency, Lord & Thomas. At the time, he defined advertising as “salesmanship in print, driven by a reason why.” But that was long before the advent of radio, television, or the Internet. The nature and scope of the business world, and advertising, were quite limited. A century later, our planet is a far different place. The nature and needs of business have changed, and so have the concept and practice of advertising.
Today, definitions of advertising abound. Journalists, for example, might define it as a communication, public relations, or persuasion process; businesspeople see it as a marketing process; economists and sociologists tend to focus on its economic, societal, or ethical significance. And some consumers might define it simply as a nuisance. Each of these perspectives has some merit, but for now we’ll use the following functional definition:
Advertising is the structured and composed nonpersonal communication of information, usually paid for and usually persuasive in nature, about products (goods, services, and ideas) by