We always want to use duration matching;
We always want to use duration matching;
The cost of debt: Bellamee, Inc., has semiannual bonds outstanding with five years to maturity and…
Part A: Long-term debt can generally be classified into three different categories: bonds payable, notes payable, and capital leases. Bonds payable can be secured by collateral, such as a mortgage bond, or unsecured, backed only by a company’s promise to pay. Most bonds carry a stated rate of interest but others are sold at a discount with an implied rate of interest inherent in the discounted sale. Some bonds can be converted into other securities. Other bonds can be called in by the corporation. All of the terms and features must be disclosed in the financial statements. Any restrictions or covenants must also be disclosed. These restrictions are placed on the issuing corporation to protect the bondholder. Restrictions may include inability to pay bonuses or dividends, purchase additional capital assets, a requirement for bond sinking funds, or maintaining specified levels of working capital or debt ratios. Any violations of bond restrictions or covenants must be disclosed. Bonds are reported at face value less unamortized discount or plus unamortized premium. The current portion (due within a year) is reported as a current liability, the remainder is reported as a long-term liability. Notes payable are sums of money borrowed by a company that are evidenced by a promissory note. Notes payable have a specified maturity date and generally have a specified interest rate. Notes payable that do not have a specified interest rate are issued at a discount and the interest component is the difference between the face amount of the note and the cash received. Notes payable can also have restrictions similar to bonds payable. The discount is amortized to interest expense over the life of the note. Notes payable are recorded at the present value of the principle and the present value of the interest payments. Capital leases are a form of financing used to acquire capital assets. Companies that use lease financing that meet the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)…
In today’s business sector, organizations use debt financing to accomplish their monetary goals. This can be defined as raising working resources by borrowing. The Scott Equipment Organization is researching a variety of combinations of instant and continuing debt financing in financing all of their assets. When referencing short-term financing the company is looking to mature in one year or less, as for long-term they consider this to be more than a year. Short-term debt is primarily used to amplify the total of accessible operational capital with the intention of assisting the corporation with its daily operations. Such things like purchasing equipment or compensate suppliers for services rendered. Long-term debt in most cases involves an elevated interest rate than that of short-term debt. This is because the primary lender is taking an enormous risk by loaning currency for a longer point of time.…
In July 2002, an investment banker advising Deluxe Corporation must prepare recommendations for the company’s board of directors regarding the firm’s financial policy. Some special considerations are the mix of debt and equity, maintenance of financial flexibility, and the preservation of an investment-grade bond rating. Complicating the assessment are low growth and technological obsolescence in the firm’s core business. The purpose is to recommend an appropriate financial policy for the firm and, in support of that recommendation, to show the impact on the firm’s cost of capital, financial flexibility (i.e., unused debt capacity), bond rating, and other considerations.…
The three possibilities identified by Mr. Peng include a medium-term offering and two long-term offerings. In fact, the medium-term offering is a floating rate note and is similar to a short-term offering that is rolled-over annually. What are general considerations affecting debt maturity? Asset structure is one important factor: the more permanent the assets are, the greater the bias toward long-term funding. From the case…
a. The cost of debt is the money company has to pay for using the funds. In our case, annual cost of debt is kd: kd/2 = r = 5.0%. kd/2 = (47.5 + [1000-891] / 30) / ((2*891 + 1000) / 3) = 5.5% We have to multiply this by 2 since we are dealing with semiannual payments, hence annual yield is 11%. Because interest is tax deductible, government pays part of the cost, and our component cost of debt is the after tax cost: kd (1-T) = 11% (1-0.4) = 11 *…
• Debt includes long-term debt, financing leases, short-term debt, operating leases used as permanent financing, off-balance financing transactions…
where D and E are the market values of the debt and equity respectively; rD is the pre-tax cost of debt; rE is the after-tax cost of equity; V is the firm value (V=E+D); and t is the corporate tax. This method is applied for Marriott as the whole corporation and for each of its three lines of business. WACC is calculated based on its financial data of 1987 provided in the case.…
Topics 1. Long-term liability; classification; definitions. Issuance of bonds; types of bonds. Premium and discount; amortization schedules. Questions 1, 10, 14, 20, 23, 24, 25 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 11 5, 6, 7, 8, 11 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10 Brief Exercises Exercises 1, 2 Problems 10, 11 Concepts for Analysis 1, 2, 3…
Marriott Corporation is an international company whose sales and earnings per share had doubled over the…
Unfortunately, it isn't easy to say what theperiod of limitations is for debt in general. This is for…
In the case is stated that Marriott required three inputs to determine the opportunity cost of capital: debt capacity, debt cost, and equity cost consistent with the amount of debt. The cost of capital varied across the three divisions because all three of the cost-of-capital inputs could differ for each division. This is the most logical approach due to the fact that the projects related to a particular division should be evaluated using the division’s WACC rather than the corporation’s WACC.…
3. The cost of debt is equal to one minus the marginal tax rate multiplied by the coupon rate on outstanding debt.…
In April 1988, Dan Cohrs, vice president of project finance at the Marriott Corporation, was preparing his annual recommendations for the hurdle rates at each of the firm 's three divisions. Investment projects at Marriott were selected by discounting the appropriate cash flows by the appropriate hurdle rate for each division. In 1987, Marriott 's sales grew by 24% and its return on equity stood at 22%. Sales and earnings per share had doubled over the previous four years, and the operating strategy was aimed at continuing this trend. Marriott 's 1987 annual report stated: We intend to remain a premier growth company. This means aggressively developing appropriate opportunities within our chosen lines of business—lodging, contract services, and related businesses. In each of these areas our goal is to be the preferred employer, the preferred provider, and the most profitable company. Mr. Cohrs recognized that the divisional hurdle rates at Marriott would have a significant effect on the firm 's financial and operating strategies. As a rule of thumb, increasing the hurdle rate by 1% (for example, from 12% to 12.12%), decreases the present value of project inflows by 1%. Because costs remained roughly fixed, these changes in the value of inflows translated into changes in the net present value of projects . Figure A shows the substantial effect of hurdle rates on the anticipated net present value of projects. If hurdle rates were to increase, Marriott 's growth would be reduced as once profitable projects no longer met the hurdle rates. Alternatively, if hurdle rates decreased, Marriott 's growth would accelerate. Marriott also considered using the hurdle rates to determine incentive compensation. Annual incentive compensation constituted a significant portion of total compensation, ranging from 30% to 50% of base pay. Criteria for bonus awards depended on specific…
Finding limited partners on a hotel project is equivalent to selling private equity in the project…