By 1560, many people were either Catholic, Protestant, or mixed (Doc. 5). Non-Catholic Western European Christians were the followers of Luther. Luther’s goal was to stir debate around the issue of indulgences. He believed that is was wrong how the churches would encourage indulgences onto the people. Written in one of the 95 Theses, if people bought indulgences, then they would be “eternally damned” and because of the printing press, the 95 Theses were known throughout Europe (Doc. 3). Luther would compare criminals to the Popes to get his point across. In document 4, Luther used the word “robbers”. Robbers steal and he used this word against the popes. The popes were taking money from the people in exchange of an indulgence. Lucas Cranach, a close friend of Luther, made a woodcut to demonstrate not only the comparison between a pope and Jesus, but also how money was a key factor (Doc. 4). Having a point of view from a Catholic German pope in 1521 could give details and evidence of how indulgences were for the better of the people and not for the pope himself.…
October 31, 1517, Martin Luther posted ninety-five theses on the door of a Catholic church in Wittenberg. He also wrote a letter to the Archbishop of Mainz regarding the sales of indulgences. Luther was against these sales of indulgences. Indulgences is the money that can be paid to the church so that a sinner spends less time in purgatory. It is said that people go to purgatory to work off their sins after they have died so they can still go to heaven. Luther’s ninety-five theses protested the sales of indulgences and claimed that the church was teaching false doctrines. Luther wrote to the Archbishop Martin Luther’s courage and bravery on Halloween in 1517 sparked the protestant reformation and ultimately a hope for the people of Europe to finally have a voice and break from the Catholic church. The courage and bravery that Martin Luther showed in his letter to the Archbishop sparked the protestant reformation and gave the peasants of Europe a hope to break from the Catholic church.…
Five hundred years ago on All Saint’s Eve in 1517 a man so displeased by the state of the church nailed his ninety-five protests to the door of the church in Wittenberg. Overnight, this monk from Germany had vocalized his beliefs in a very public manner that shook leaders and scholars alike. As a teacher, monk, and Reformation founder Luther’s desire was to be an honest and responsible Christian. With such a simplistic action, Martin Luther began a movement that he never intended to transpire. Historically to this point, the early church faced opposition; however, the protests from Luther would incite a multitude into what we know as the Reformation. Furthermore, the life and leadership of Martin Luther divided the church and changed the course of Christianity.…
The Protestant Reformation was a religious and social movement that spread far across Europe among many groups of people. Particularly, several events throughout the 16th and 17th centuries furthered the reformation of closely-knit religion and society, with many people drifting away from a Catholic monastic lifestyle and absolute obedience to papal authorities. Instead, these people valued faith and freedom from religious beliefs and institutions that seemed foreign to Christian faith. Many protestants were of lower social classes, in favor of freeing themselves from the higher institutions controlling them and hopeful with the possibility of eventual social mobility. Protestant ideas in favor of the lower classes led to an uprising of peasants…
Posted on the door of the Wittenberg Castle church on All Saints’ Eve in 1517, Martin Luther’s ninety-five theses set in motion a series of events that led to the most devastating war in the history of the world. Luther intended his theses to be a proposition for reform within the Catholic Church. What he felt needed reformed, or even abolished, was the Church’s practice of selling indulgences as a means…
Luther decided to take a stance against the church. “In 1517, Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses, a series of condemnation of Church practices, to the door of the Cathedral at Wittenberg” (Grosse, "The Reformation and the…
The protestant reformation was a schism from the Roman Catholic Church started by Martin Luther. Luther was the driving force behind the reformation, and was essentially the one who called for action. The reformation was aimed initially to change or alter some ideas that the Catholic church had added or had. The protestant reformation was driven by ambitious political leaders who disagreed with the ideas of the church and wanted change.…
Of all the abuses, the indulgences angered Luther the most and he replied with a list of arguments called, the 95 Theses. Luther posted the theses on the main door of the church in Wittenberg and began the Protestant Reformation. The theses and translations of them rapidly spread through Europe and became known to challenge the authority of the Church. Luther believed that God had given every true Christian salvation as a gift and didn’t need to be bought. The Holy Roman Emperor summoned Luther to the city of Worms and was ordered to retract his criticism. He told the assembly, “I am bound by the Scriptures I have quoted… I cannot and will not retract anything,” and was cast an outlaw. Luther had many powerful supporters that helped him and thousands in Germany hailed Luther as a hero. In 1543, Martin Luther produced the first translation of the Bible for people to read the scripture themselves. He made a lasting impact on the Renaissance when he brought forth the idea of reforming the Catholic Church. Many other famous leaders supported and expanded on Luther’s act for standing against the abuses of the Church. William Fleming said that, "[Martin Luther] not only changed the map of Europe, he also redirected the way people thought of themselves, their fellows, and the world about…
The Protestant Reformation was the 16th Century move to democracy for Christians and time of reform from the “dark ages” or from the strict control of the Roman Catholic Church. The reformation was initiated by a schism within the Eurpoe Christian community within the church, and among other Christians that had divergent interpretations of the Bible. It was also a time of change and time for new opportunities and asking new questions. The reformation brought new structures and beliefs that would change everything and have a definite impact on our modern era.…
The colonies were created for various reasons, by different groups of people. Both before and after the Protestant Reformation, many of the colonies were created so that persecuted people could escape the Church of England and practice their own religion without fear.…
The Lutherans, who believing in church and state existing together, followed the teachings of a monk named Martin Luther. In 1517, he posted his 95 Theses to the door of a church and declared his conviction that people could interpret scripture for themselves and no longer had to stand by the Catholic Church. Luther’s views on scripture interpretation, the infallibility of the Pope, and indulgences were essential at the time. This caught the attention of the German nobles and peasants who then used Lutheranism to escape Catholic influence, eventually leading to a rebellion against the Catholic Church. Although Luther had radical views on religion, he was a very conservative man and believed that no religious belief should aspire to forced political change. Luther thought that people owned complete loyalty to their government and that Protestantism should be more focused on personal faith in God rather than sacraments.…
4. What were the responses of the Catholic authorities in the 16th century to the challenges posed by the Lutheran Reformation?…
This reformation of the Church is extremely important, as it allowed people to view religion in an entirely new way (“Martin Luther”). Before Luther, the general public may not have known anything other than what the Church and the priests taught them, or they feared the retribution the Church would bring upon them if they dared speak against the mighty Catholic Church. Before change began taking place, Luther had intensely studied the Bible, and eventually reached a personal conclusion that a person could achieve salvation ‘through faith alone,’ or that actions do not determine a person’s place in Heaven or Hell, but a person’s own faith in God does (Zucker and Harris). This idea became the basis for Luther’s entire religious movement, and is the reason why people being able to read the Bible for themselves was so important to him. Luther’s ideas later influenced societies based off of his beliefs. His ideas eventually reached Switzerland and Holland where Calvin and Knox founded societies off of his principles (“Martin Luther”). While Luther started a religious movement, one event was extremely important in deciding his continuance as a force of change in the Reformation, the Diet of…
Beginning with the politics that surrounded the Protestant Reformation, a topic which could warrant its own essay, it all began with Martin Luther hanging his 95 theses regarding his critics of the Catholic Church, on the doors of the Wittenberg Church. In his early years as a member of the church, Luther was supportive of the institution. However, as…
At the time of Luther’s birth Europe is recovering from the Middle Ages a time of deescalation and disease. In this world the Catholic Church was the one great consolation, with its promise of heaven. In the sixteenth century of Western Europe the Catholic Church was involved in the corrupt practice of indulgences. Indulgences are a paper signed by the Pope, and sold to religiously desperate people, that absolves sins and reduces ones time in purgatory. This corrupt way of collecting money made the Catholic church one of, if not the most, wealthy institution at the time. However, people like Jann Hus, John Wycliff, and Erasmus, were calling for reform, questioning wether or not the church had the power to do this. Luther, who was currently a religious teacher at a college in Whittenburg, challenged the practice of indulgences, exposing the corruption of the church. Around this time the printing press was created, which allowed ideas to be written down and books and other written pieces to be exposed to more people and travel faster. Luther utilized all of the specific faults and corruptions of the Catholic Church and the advantages of the early Renaissance to reform, not break away from, the Catholic Church but he accidentally started a revolution, starting the religion of Protestantism.…