Marxist Literary
Marxist Literary Criticism
Karl Marx was a German philosopher, economist and sociologist as well as a political revolutionary. He, with the aid of Friedrech Engels, published theCommunist Manifesto in 1848. In the manifesto, Marx identified three social classes in his theory: The Aristocracy which refers to the small number of land owners who have control over the economy of the country, the Bourgeois class which refers to the high class people who have control over the industrial sites and factories and they rooted from the Aristocratic class that was influential before the industrial revolution, and finally the working class (Proletarian) who are victimized in the factories by the Bourgeois class. However, in the nineteenth century, the Aristocracy was already replaced by the Bourgeoisie class due the Industrial Revolution that happened earlier. Marxist literary criticism is based on the Marxist theory which is meant to be used in analysis of literary texts in order to see how economy and matter affect the personality and behaviors of the characters within the literary text (Hall: 78).
Marxist criticism suggests that these economic social classes will have their ideologies reflected in the literary textual representations, thus, it is important for critics to be fully conscious of these classes and their ideologies in order to give a fuller and authentic description or analysis of the texts that they are working on(Ibid). Thus , the main idea of Marxism is that “instead of making abstract affirmations about a whole group of problems such as man, knowledge, matter and nature, he examines each problem in its dynamic relation to the others and, above ( Ibid).
The most fundamental argument of Marxist literary and cultural theories is that they do not see art as something that is separate from society, but art is, as Eagleton says, “part of the „superstructure‟ of society” (Eagleton: 5) and he central concern of Marxist literary criticism is to note the relationship
Karl Marx was a German philosopher, economist and sociologist as well as a political revolutionary. He, with the aid of Friedrech Engels, published theCommunist Manifesto in 1848. In the manifesto, Marx identified three social classes in his theory: The Aristocracy which refers to the small number of land owners who have control over the economy of the country, the Bourgeois class which refers to the high class people who have control over the industrial sites and factories and they rooted from the Aristocratic class that was influential before the industrial revolution, and finally the working class (Proletarian) who are victimized in the factories by the Bourgeois class. However, in the nineteenth century, the Aristocracy was already replaced by the Bourgeoisie class due the Industrial Revolution that happened earlier. Marxist literary criticism is based on the Marxist theory which is meant to be used in analysis of literary texts in order to see how economy and matter affect the personality and behaviors of the characters within the literary text (Hall: 78).
Marxist criticism suggests that these economic social classes will have their ideologies reflected in the literary textual representations, thus, it is important for critics to be fully conscious of these classes and their ideologies in order to give a fuller and authentic description or analysis of the texts that they are working on(Ibid). Thus , the main idea of Marxism is that “instead of making abstract affirmations about a whole group of problems such as man, knowledge, matter and nature, he examines each problem in its dynamic relation to the others and, above ( Ibid).
The most fundamental argument of Marxist literary and cultural theories is that they do not see art as something that is separate from society, but art is, as Eagleton says, “part of the „superstructure‟ of society” (Eagleton: 5) and he central concern of Marxist literary criticism is to note the relationship