Preview

Master Thesis Vaccination coverage for oral polio vaccination

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
8951 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Master Thesis Vaccination coverage for oral polio vaccination
Master Thesis

Vaccination coverage for oral polio vaccination and identifying the determinants associated with popular participation in immunization activities of the polio eradication programme in Pakistan

A project proposal

By
Abrar Baig

Superviser

Professor Ingela Krantz

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................... 2
ABBREVIATIONS.................................................................................................. 3
PROLOGUE............................................................................................................ 4
1. GENERAL BACKGROUND.............................................................................. 5
2. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 7
2.1. POLIO .............................................................................................................. 7
2.2. POLIOVIRUS..................................................................................................... 7
2.2.1. Pathogenesis ............................................................................................ 7
2.2.2. Clinical features ....................................................................................... 8
2.2.3. Laboratory diagnosis ................................................................................ 9
2.3. POLIO VACCINE ............................................................................................. 10
2.3.1. Inactivated poliovirus vaccine ................................................................ 10
2.3.2. Oral poliovirus vaccine .......................................................................... 11
3. COUNTRY PROFILE ...................................................................................... 13
3.1. HEALTH CARE IN PAKISTAN ........................................................................... 13



References: 1. 2004 - Now More than Ever: End Polio Forever. 3. Zuber PL, Yameogo KR, Yameogo A, Otten MW Jr. Use of Administrative Data to Estimate Mass Vaccination Campaign Coverage, Burkina Faso, 1999 Delhi: Government of India, 1946. 30. WHO/UNICEF. Review of National Immunization Coverage 1980-2002. October, 2003. 41. Sass EJ, Gottfried G, Sorem A. Chapter 1in Polio 's Legacy: An Oral History (March 1996).

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Powerful Essays

    This chapter starts off with the difficulty of diligence. Yet there are some who have managed to deliver that expectation on an incredible scale. The task of distributing polio vaccines to millions of people, many in rural areas, was evidently a long and complicated task. The WHO had a team of only hundreds and had to teach the necessary vaccination procedures to the volunteers and local representatives,…

    • 2795 Words
    • 12 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    The novel The Polio Years in Texas: Battling a Terrifying Unknown by Heather Green Wooten focuses on the rising epidemic of paralytic poliomyelitis, also known as polio. In response to the polio outbreak, Texas researchers thankfully made life-changing discoveries in virology, rehabilitative therapies, and in the modern intensive care unit. Wooten used substantial research and interviews that she conducted over a five-year time lapse with several Texan survivors of polio, as well as their families. From the information collected, a detailed and heartbreaking account was created in this novel of both the epidemic that nearly destroyed Texas and the aftermath of the disease for those who still live with its harsh effects.…

    • 580 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Polio has been dealt with in many of the countries around the world. It originally was expected to be demolished in 2000, but that date has soon been forgotten. The hardest place to get the polio virus has been in Nigeria, tension has arisen and now the people of the African country are informing people to avoid getting the polio vaccine because they believe it could cause Polio as much as it could help. The vaccine has been given to be all around the world and from one country, that is thought to have started it, has avoided it, it is starting to spread to other countries “that were once polio-free” as said by the Centre for International…

    • 1524 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Jonas Edward Salk

    • 526 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Even though scientists believe it was impossible to find treatment works very well with Poliovirus, but Dr.Salk found it. Because it was thought to be impossible to find the treatment, Dr.Salk insisted on his faith in his abilities to create something, in order to help people live healthily without polio. He decided to focus his research on polio, the inability of scientists before him to appropriate treatment made has the incentive to create a vaccine without mistake. He spent many hours a day inside his lab working and trying to…

    • 526 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Best Essays

    Mooney, Chris. "VACCINATION Nation." Discover 30.6 (2009): 58. MAS Ultra - School Edition. Web. 17 Sept. 2012.…

    • 2276 Words
    • 66 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Good Essays

    The first pressing reason to vaccinate children is to prevent them from contracting diseases. It can hardly be argued that immunizations fail to protect the majority of children from getting the infection the immunization was designed to prevent. In the 18th century, for example, hundreds of thousands of Americans were infected by a crippling condition called polio. Polio was a terrible infection that caused sufferers to lose the use of their legs. Many had to walk with braces or crutches. Some lost the ability to walk and had to be placed in wheelchairs, while others were so disabled they became unable to engage in any physical activity, or even died of the condition. Polio was so prevalent it even affected American president Franklin Delano Roosevelt (Schnell 2)! Thanks to vaccinations, today polio is all but unheard of in the USA, and in other countries that immunize against it. This example alone should show the desirability of immunization. Who…

    • 546 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    First polio vaccine (1954) – Jonas Salk – University of Pittsburgh – saved many lives…

    • 709 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Polio is a great example of what vaccines can do. In 1955, the year the polio vaccine was introduced; there were a recorded 28,985 cases in the United States. Between 1955 and 1965, the amount of people with polio went from 28,985 to 0 reported cases in the U.S. In that time, the death count also went from 1,043 deaths to 0. Any cases of polio reported after 1965 were often brought from other parts of the world and were not…

    • 944 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Mandatory Vaccinations

    • 100 Words
    • 1 Page

    For my essay, I am going to discuss the benefits of mandatory immunizations as well as the guidelines to be followed for all children. I will get to use reasons and facts as well as using a simple to complex approach. The benefits of vaccinations outweigh the risks of not getting the vaccinations. Some disease that can be contracted from not being vaccinated can become deadly. In addition, studies have shown there has been a lower rate of disease outbreaks from children that were properly immunized as well as adults that had received all their vaccinations as a younger child.…

    • 100 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    This essay will attempt to investigate the employment of the 23 plus vaccinations used today and how they defend the preventions and spread of diseases. The paper will support the pros and the cons of vaccinations that are supported by research statistics as well as the different symptoms that have been reported for each available vaccine.…

    • 1492 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Mandatory Vaccinations

    • 787 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Parents and guardians, who believe that vaccines should not be mandatory, contend that vaccines cause health problems or they are no longer necessary. Children get their main vaccines between the ages of two months to twelve months old. Children at this age are already at a high risk for developing high fevers, seizures, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Therefore, there is no way of truly determining if any adverse effect on the child was coincidental or actually caused by the inoculation itself. Since 1990, thirty thousand cases have been reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) where the patient had an adverse reaction to the vaccine. Out of the thirty thousand cases three thousand nine hundred were reported as life threatening. That is a small percentage when compared to the 10.5 million illnesses that the same vaccines have prevented. (Zhou, 2003) Because polio is not carried in the USA, there are those who feel that not only should the vaccine not be mandatory, it is completely unnecessary. Opponents to mandatory vaccinations have forgotten one important truth. Thousands of innocent children have lost their lives due to diseases such as smallpox and polio, which could have easily been prevented through the use of vaccines. In reality, it is…

    • 787 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Desgrees, Annabel Du Lou & Pison, Gilles. The Role of Vaccination in the Reduction of Childhood Mortality in Senegal. Population: An English Selection Vol. 8, (1996), pp. 95-121 Published by: Institut National d 'Études Démographiques. Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2949158…

    • 1974 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    Childhood Vaccination Policy

    • 4179 Words
    • 17 Pages

    Though holding much broader theoretical and empirical applications, gridgroup cultural theory, in this case, can also be understood as providing an avenue…

    • 4179 Words
    • 17 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Today many States are struck with an important question: should they make childhood vaccination mandatory. Children are a very important asset to this world future, and a child’s survival is held at the utmost importance. This is why the use of vaccines are significant in providing a higher chance of a child to live a healthier life. Immunizations are considered as devices used to assist in making this planet a healthier environment for its children. They provide many benefits, Immunizations have eliminated many major diseases, also vaccinations have prevented many pandemics and epidemics.…

    • 647 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Mandatory Vaccination

    • 1094 Words
    • 5 Pages

    The history of vaccinations has changed drastically over the past several decades. Parents of the current generation received fewer vaccinations than their children. This has led a question to be posed by many. Do children need all of the new vaccinations? Should these vaccinations be mandatory? Today’s parents have turned out okay without the new vaccinations, so are they really necessary? Research done on both sides creates two sides to this issue. Some favor mandatory vaccinations while others do not support mandatory vaccination of children, yet both want what is best for chidren.…

    • 1094 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays