Mat 540 Final Exam Paper
Where Dx is the actual delay by the candidate base station and DTH is threshold delay. The normalized function for bandwidth (BW) is given by
N_BW=B_x/B_max
Where Bx is the required bandwidth of the mobile station and Bmax is the maximum bandwidth that can be provided by the base station. The normalized function for cost
N_c=1-C_x/C_TH
Where Cx is the operating cost of the network to which the candidate base station belongs to, CTH is the threshold cost, above which it is considered that the network is expensive. Compute the weight function
W_i=σ_i/(∑_(i=1)^4▒σ_i )
Where ∂i is the standard deviation of the normalization function values of all the candidate base …show more content…
stations for the given parameter ‘i’. Calculate the handoff occurrence of an area λ_i (t_(z-1) )=1/((t_(z-1) ) ∑_(i=1)^(z-1)▒k_i )
Where ki is the handoff arrival rate sequence and tz denotes the current time epochs. Then calculate the Network Selection Function (NSF) f=∑_(i=1)^4▒N_i ×W_i
The kth network is selected if
〖NSF〗_k=max(〖NSF〗_1,〖NSF〗_2,………………………〖NSF〗_n ) Remove the ping pong effects of the network.
RESULT
The mobile node which is multi-mode capable, initially belongs to UMTS network and starts moving towards Wi-Max and then towards Wi-Fi and stops there. We assume that the input parameters required for network selection algorithm are acquired from the network and mobile terminal.
When the mobile node moves from UMTS network towards Wi-Max network, the network selection module in the mobile terminalacquires the input parameters and normalized values of theseparameters are determined. Then network selection function valueis computed for the available networks. Due to complexityreasons, we have directly considered the normalized values of theparameters. First consider the mobile which is originally associated with UMTS network has moved towards the Wi-Max network. TheNSF computation for all the networks is as shown in Table 7.1. RSS BW D C NSF
Wi Max 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.545
Wi-Fi 0 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.384
UMTS 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.445
Weight 0.33 0.174 0.19 0.231
Table 7.1 NSF WHEN THE MOBILE IS UNDER THE COVERAGE OF Wi …show more content…
Max
Next consider the case where the mobile terminal is moving towards the Wi-Fi network and is under the coverage of both Wi-Fi, Wi-Max networks. NSF for all the three networks is as shown in Table 2. As the Wi-Fi network is having the maximum NSF value, it is selected as the target network.
RSS BW D C NSF
Wi Max 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.401
Wi-Fi 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.8 0.460
UMTS 0.6 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.349
Weight 0.15 0.219 0.251 0.199
Table 7.2 NSF WHEN THE MOBILE IS UNDER THE COVERAGE OF Wi-Fi
CONCLUSION
In this thesis innovative procedures for the decision process of vertical handover (VHO) have been introduced considering also possible architectures (including parameters and interactions) for their support. We have started with the introduction of the VHO from the network operator point of view, i.e. VHO is considered a service planning problem: the network operator should choose which services are available on which network.
The algorithm is taking mobility parameters like delay of the network; it supports seamless mobility and reduces unnecessary handoffs. Further the performance of the algorithm can be improved by taking considering a threshold on the NSF value in order to prevent frequent handoffs.
REFERENCES
[1] Yong Sun, Chao Liu, Peng Yang and Xiangming Wen, “A Smart Vertical Handoff Decision Algorithm Based on Queuing Theory”, ICACT, pp. 1217-1222, February 2014.
[2] German Castignani, Nicolas Montavont and Andr´es Arcia-Moret, “Multi-objective Optimization Model for Network Selection in Multihomed Devices ”, 10th Annual Conference on Wireless On-demand Network Systems and Services (WONS), pp. 113-115, IEEE 2013.
[3] Charles E. Perkins, “ Mobile IP”, IEEE Communications Magazines ,Vol. 35, No. 5, pp 66-82, May
2002.
[4] I-Wei Wu, Wen-Shiung Chen, Ho-En Liao and Fongray Frank Young,” A Seamless Handoff Approach of Mobile IP Protocol for Mobile Wireless Data Network, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 48, No. 2, pp. 335-343, May 2002.
[5] Andras Kiraly and Janos Abonyi,” A Novel Approach to Solve Multiple Travelling Salesmen Problem by Genetic Algorithm”.Springer, 2011.
[6] Johnny Choque, Ramon Agiiero and Luis Munoz, “Optimum Selection Of Access Network within Heterogeneous Wireless Environment Based on Linear Programming Technique”, Mobile Network Application, Vol. 16, pp 412-423, Springer 2011.
[7] Ammar A. Bathich, Modh Dani Baba, Muhammad Ibrahim,” IEEE 802.21 Based Vertical Handover in Wi-fi and Wi-Max Networks”,pp 140-144, IEEE 2012.
[8] Feng Qian, Zhaoguang Wang, Alexandre Gerber, Zhuoqing Morley Mao, Subhabrata Sen, and Oliver Spatscheck “Characterizing radio resource allocation for 3G networks” In Proc. of the 10th conferenceon Internet measurement, IMC ’10, pages 137–150. ACM, 2010.
[9] Levent Ekiz*, Christian Lotterrnann*, David Ohmann*, Thang Trant,Oliver Klemp*, Christian Wietfeldt and Christoph F. Mecklenbrauker “Potential of Cooperative Information for Vertical Handover Decision Algorithms” IEEE Annual Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, pp 455-460,Oct 2013.
[10] Jui-Hung Yeh, Jyh-Cheng Chen, and Chi-Chen Lee “Comparative analysis of energy-saving techniques in 3gpp and 3gpp2 systems Vehicular Technology”, IEEE Transactions on, 58(1):pp432 –448, jan. 2009
[11] Yulong Shen,Ning Xi, Qingqi Pei and Jianfeng Ma,” The QoS-Ensured Vertical Handoff Decision in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks” Journal of Information Science and Engineering 30, 875-893 (2014).
[12] Ji-Su Kim and Jae-Hyun Kim,” Handover Scheme using Uplink and Downlink Channel Information in IEEE 802.16e Systems”, IEEE 2010.
[13] Fabio Buiati, Luis Javier Garc´ıa Villalba, Daniel Corujo, Joao Soares, Susana Sargento, and Rui L. Aguiar,” Hierarchical Neighbor Discovery Scheme for Handover Optimization”, IEEE Communications Letters, VOL. 14, NO. 11, NOVEMBER 2010.
[14] Ohyoung Song,Heeseong Kim, Jun Yeol Choi, Kyu Sung Ahn and Hee Yong Youn,” An Efficient AP Channel Scanning Scheme for Mobility over WiMAX”, ICOIN,pp 334-339, IEEE 2012.
[15] Jui-Hung Yeh, Jyh-Cheng Chen, Prathima Agrawal, “Fast Intra-Network and Cross-Layer Handover (FINCH) for WiMAX and Mobile Internet”. IEEE Transactions on Boile Computing. Apr. 2009
[16] Fattah, H., Alnuweiri, H., “A New Handover Mechanism for IEEE 802.16e Wireless Networks”, 2008 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, Aug. 2008
[17] Mohammod Sazid Zaman Khan1, Chen-Wei Tan2, Thilek Silvadorai3, and Sureswaran Ramadass, “
Novel Algorithms to Ensure Smooth and Unobtrusive Handover among Positioning Systems”,pp 229-234, IEEE 2012.
[18] M. S. Z. Khan, S. Alam, and M. R. H. Khan, “A Network Selection Mechanism for Fourth Generation Communication Networks,” Journal of Advances in Information Technology, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 189–196, 2010.
[19] M.Kassar, B.Kervella, G.Pujolle, “An overview of vertical handover decision strategies in heterogeneous wireless networks”, Elsevier,Journal of computer communications, Vol.37, No.10, 2008
[20] McNair, J. and Fang Zhu, “Vertical Handoffs In Fourth-Generation Multi network Environments”, IEEE Wireless Communications, vol.11, no. 3, 2004, pp. 8-15
[21] Meriem Kassar, Brigitte Kervella, and Guy Pujolle. 2008. An overview of vertical handover decision strategies in heterogeneous wireless networks. Comput. Commun. 31, 10 (June 2008), 2607-2620. DOI=10.1016/j.comcom.2008.01.044.
[22] C. Gu, M. Song, Y. Zhang, L. Wang, and J. Song, "Novel network selection mechanism using AHP and enhanced GA," in CNSR '09.2009,pp. 397-401.
[23] D. J. He, C. X. Chi, S. M. Chan, C. Chen, J. J. Bu, and M. J. Yin, "A Simple and Robust Vertical Handoff Algorithm for Heterogeneous Wireless Mobile Networks,"Wireless Personal Communications, vol.59, pp. 361-373,
2011
[24] P. Zhang, W. Zhou, B. Xie, and J. Song, "A novel network selection mechanism in an integrated WLAN and UMTS environment using AHP and modified GRA," in IEEE IC-NIDC, 2010, pp. 104-109.
[25] S. F. Zhu, F. Liu, Z. Y. Chai, Y. T. Qin and J. S. Wu, "Simple harmonic oscillator immune optimization algorithm for solving vertical handoff decision problem in heterogeneous wireless network,"Acta Physica Sinica, vol.61, 2012..
[26] Y. S. Guo, G. Z. Tan, A. Libda and L. Q. Ma, "A QoS-aware vertical handoff algorithm based on predictive network information,"Journal Of Central South University, vol.19, pp. 2187-2193, 2012.
[27] S. Lee, K. Sriram, K. Kim, Y. H. Kim and N. Golmie, "Vertical handoff decision algorithms for providing optimized performance in heterogeneous wireless networks,"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular
Technology, vol.58, pp. 865-881, 2009.
[28] Universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS); evolution of 3GPP system, ETSI TR 121 902 V9.0.0 2010.
[29] E. Stevens-Navarro, Y. Lin and V. W. S. Wong, "An MDP-based vertical handoff decision algorithm for heterogeneous wireless networks", IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol.57, pp.
1243-1254, 2008
N_BW=B_x/B_max
Where Bx is the required bandwidth of the mobile station and Bmax is the maximum bandwidth that can be provided by the base station. The normalized function for cost
N_c=1-C_x/C_TH
Where Cx is the operating cost of the network to which the candidate base station belongs to, CTH is the threshold cost, above which it is considered that the network is expensive. Compute the weight function
W_i=σ_i/(∑_(i=1)^4▒σ_i )
Where ∂i is the standard deviation of the normalization function values of all the candidate base …show more content…
stations for the given parameter ‘i’. Calculate the handoff occurrence of an area λ_i (t_(z-1) )=1/((t_(z-1) ) ∑_(i=1)^(z-1)▒k_i )
Where ki is the handoff arrival rate sequence and tz denotes the current time epochs. Then calculate the Network Selection Function (NSF) f=∑_(i=1)^4▒N_i ×W_i
The kth network is selected if
〖NSF〗_k=max(〖NSF〗_1,〖NSF〗_2,………………………〖NSF〗_n ) Remove the ping pong effects of the network.
RESULT
The mobile node which is multi-mode capable, initially belongs to UMTS network and starts moving towards Wi-Max and then towards Wi-Fi and stops there. We assume that the input parameters required for network selection algorithm are acquired from the network and mobile terminal.
When the mobile node moves from UMTS network towards Wi-Max network, the network selection module in the mobile terminalacquires the input parameters and normalized values of theseparameters are determined. Then network selection function valueis computed for the available networks. Due to complexityreasons, we have directly considered the normalized values of theparameters. First consider the mobile which is originally associated with UMTS network has moved towards the Wi-Max network. TheNSF computation for all the networks is as shown in Table 7.1. RSS BW D C NSF
Wi Max 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.545
Wi-Fi 0 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.384
UMTS 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.445
Weight 0.33 0.174 0.19 0.231
Table 7.1 NSF WHEN THE MOBILE IS UNDER THE COVERAGE OF Wi …show more content…
Max
Next consider the case where the mobile terminal is moving towards the Wi-Fi network and is under the coverage of both Wi-Fi, Wi-Max networks. NSF for all the three networks is as shown in Table 2. As the Wi-Fi network is having the maximum NSF value, it is selected as the target network.
RSS BW D C NSF
Wi Max 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.401
Wi-Fi 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.8 0.460
UMTS 0.6 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.349
Weight 0.15 0.219 0.251 0.199
Table 7.2 NSF WHEN THE MOBILE IS UNDER THE COVERAGE OF Wi-Fi
CONCLUSION
In this thesis innovative procedures for the decision process of vertical handover (VHO) have been introduced considering also possible architectures (including parameters and interactions) for their support. We have started with the introduction of the VHO from the network operator point of view, i.e. VHO is considered a service planning problem: the network operator should choose which services are available on which network.
The algorithm is taking mobility parameters like delay of the network; it supports seamless mobility and reduces unnecessary handoffs. Further the performance of the algorithm can be improved by taking considering a threshold on the NSF value in order to prevent frequent handoffs.
REFERENCES
[1] Yong Sun, Chao Liu, Peng Yang and Xiangming Wen, “A Smart Vertical Handoff Decision Algorithm Based on Queuing Theory”, ICACT, pp. 1217-1222, February 2014.
[2] German Castignani, Nicolas Montavont and Andr´es Arcia-Moret, “Multi-objective Optimization Model for Network Selection in Multihomed Devices ”, 10th Annual Conference on Wireless On-demand Network Systems and Services (WONS), pp. 113-115, IEEE 2013.
[3] Charles E. Perkins, “ Mobile IP”, IEEE Communications Magazines ,Vol. 35, No. 5, pp 66-82, May
2002.
[4] I-Wei Wu, Wen-Shiung Chen, Ho-En Liao and Fongray Frank Young,” A Seamless Handoff Approach of Mobile IP Protocol for Mobile Wireless Data Network, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 48, No. 2, pp. 335-343, May 2002.
[5] Andras Kiraly and Janos Abonyi,” A Novel Approach to Solve Multiple Travelling Salesmen Problem by Genetic Algorithm”.Springer, 2011.
[6] Johnny Choque, Ramon Agiiero and Luis Munoz, “Optimum Selection Of Access Network within Heterogeneous Wireless Environment Based on Linear Programming Technique”, Mobile Network Application, Vol. 16, pp 412-423, Springer 2011.
[7] Ammar A. Bathich, Modh Dani Baba, Muhammad Ibrahim,” IEEE 802.21 Based Vertical Handover in Wi-fi and Wi-Max Networks”,pp 140-144, IEEE 2012.
[8] Feng Qian, Zhaoguang Wang, Alexandre Gerber, Zhuoqing Morley Mao, Subhabrata Sen, and Oliver Spatscheck “Characterizing radio resource allocation for 3G networks” In Proc. of the 10th conferenceon Internet measurement, IMC ’10, pages 137–150. ACM, 2010.
[9] Levent Ekiz*, Christian Lotterrnann*, David Ohmann*, Thang Trant,Oliver Klemp*, Christian Wietfeldt and Christoph F. Mecklenbrauker “Potential of Cooperative Information for Vertical Handover Decision Algorithms” IEEE Annual Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, pp 455-460,Oct 2013.
[10] Jui-Hung Yeh, Jyh-Cheng Chen, and Chi-Chen Lee “Comparative analysis of energy-saving techniques in 3gpp and 3gpp2 systems Vehicular Technology”, IEEE Transactions on, 58(1):pp432 –448, jan. 2009
[11] Yulong Shen,Ning Xi, Qingqi Pei and Jianfeng Ma,” The QoS-Ensured Vertical Handoff Decision in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks” Journal of Information Science and Engineering 30, 875-893 (2014).
[12] Ji-Su Kim and Jae-Hyun Kim,” Handover Scheme using Uplink and Downlink Channel Information in IEEE 802.16e Systems”, IEEE 2010.
[13] Fabio Buiati, Luis Javier Garc´ıa Villalba, Daniel Corujo, Joao Soares, Susana Sargento, and Rui L. Aguiar,” Hierarchical Neighbor Discovery Scheme for Handover Optimization”, IEEE Communications Letters, VOL. 14, NO. 11, NOVEMBER 2010.
[14] Ohyoung Song,Heeseong Kim, Jun Yeol Choi, Kyu Sung Ahn and Hee Yong Youn,” An Efficient AP Channel Scanning Scheme for Mobility over WiMAX”, ICOIN,pp 334-339, IEEE 2012.
[15] Jui-Hung Yeh, Jyh-Cheng Chen, Prathima Agrawal, “Fast Intra-Network and Cross-Layer Handover (FINCH) for WiMAX and Mobile Internet”. IEEE Transactions on Boile Computing. Apr. 2009
[16] Fattah, H., Alnuweiri, H., “A New Handover Mechanism for IEEE 802.16e Wireless Networks”, 2008 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, Aug. 2008
[17] Mohammod Sazid Zaman Khan1, Chen-Wei Tan2, Thilek Silvadorai3, and Sureswaran Ramadass, “
Novel Algorithms to Ensure Smooth and Unobtrusive Handover among Positioning Systems”,pp 229-234, IEEE 2012.
[18] M. S. Z. Khan, S. Alam, and M. R. H. Khan, “A Network Selection Mechanism for Fourth Generation Communication Networks,” Journal of Advances in Information Technology, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 189–196, 2010.
[19] M.Kassar, B.Kervella, G.Pujolle, “An overview of vertical handover decision strategies in heterogeneous wireless networks”, Elsevier,Journal of computer communications, Vol.37, No.10, 2008
[20] McNair, J. and Fang Zhu, “Vertical Handoffs In Fourth-Generation Multi network Environments”, IEEE Wireless Communications, vol.11, no. 3, 2004, pp. 8-15
[21] Meriem Kassar, Brigitte Kervella, and Guy Pujolle. 2008. An overview of vertical handover decision strategies in heterogeneous wireless networks. Comput. Commun. 31, 10 (June 2008), 2607-2620. DOI=10.1016/j.comcom.2008.01.044.
[22] C. Gu, M. Song, Y. Zhang, L. Wang, and J. Song, "Novel network selection mechanism using AHP and enhanced GA," in CNSR '09.2009,pp. 397-401.
[23] D. J. He, C. X. Chi, S. M. Chan, C. Chen, J. J. Bu, and M. J. Yin, "A Simple and Robust Vertical Handoff Algorithm for Heterogeneous Wireless Mobile Networks,"Wireless Personal Communications, vol.59, pp. 361-373,
2011
[24] P. Zhang, W. Zhou, B. Xie, and J. Song, "A novel network selection mechanism in an integrated WLAN and UMTS environment using AHP and modified GRA," in IEEE IC-NIDC, 2010, pp. 104-109.
[25] S. F. Zhu, F. Liu, Z. Y. Chai, Y. T. Qin and J. S. Wu, "Simple harmonic oscillator immune optimization algorithm for solving vertical handoff decision problem in heterogeneous wireless network,"Acta Physica Sinica, vol.61, 2012..
[26] Y. S. Guo, G. Z. Tan, A. Libda and L. Q. Ma, "A QoS-aware vertical handoff algorithm based on predictive network information,"Journal Of Central South University, vol.19, pp. 2187-2193, 2012.
[27] S. Lee, K. Sriram, K. Kim, Y. H. Kim and N. Golmie, "Vertical handoff decision algorithms for providing optimized performance in heterogeneous wireless networks,"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular
Technology, vol.58, pp. 865-881, 2009.
[28] Universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS); evolution of 3GPP system, ETSI TR 121 902 V9.0.0 2010.
[29] E. Stevens-Navarro, Y. Lin and V. W. S. Wong, "An MDP-based vertical handoff decision algorithm for heterogeneous wireless networks", IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol.57, pp.
1243-1254, 2008