“From the 1970s through today, colleges have developed two basic marketoriented desires. They want to plan and forecast their enrollment more effectively, and they want to influence the college-going decision-making process of desired students” (Paulsen, 1990). To accomplish these practical objectives, enrollment managers must first understand the factors that influence college choice—student characteristics, environmental factors, and institutional attributes. Similarly, enrollment managers must understand the effects of an academic environment and student background characteristics on satisfaction and performance (Karemera, Rueben, & Sillah, 2003). Without in-depth insights as to causation for related enrollment behaviors, only by chance will enrollment organizations engage in the recruitment and retention strategies that are most likely to produce optimal results.
As noted, student characteristics represent a vital component to understanding initial and continued enrollment choices. The student characteristics depicted in the Enrollment Management Systems Archetype are not intended to be an exhaustive listing, yet identified characteristics represent many of the attributes that influence enrollment behavior and student success.
For example, a student’s background can be correlated to enrollment decisions such as whether or not to attend college, which type of institution provides the best fit, where does one’s educational pursuit fall among other life priorities, or how much is a college education worth. Faced with such questions, individuals naturally rely on their personal experiences and backgrounds as a guidepost. Characteristics like age, race, gender, socioeconomic status, parental educational attainment, and even residency (rural, suburban, or urban) influence enrollment decisions. The type of high school attended (e.g., public, private, boarding school, home school) as well as the level and nature of course work completed