Mechanism of Chalcone Synthesis
Mechanism of chalcone formation
Kinetic studies have been reported for the base-catalyzed formation of chalcone and its derivatives. [7, 8, 9] Two alternative mechanisms have been advanced for the reaction of benzaldehyde with acetophenone in the presence of a basic catalyst.
5
The formation of chalcone by the acid catalyzed condensation of acetophenone and benzaldehyde has been studied [10]. The following mechanism seems to be operating-
6
Importance of chalcones
[1]They have close relationship with flavones, aurones, tetralones and aziridines.
[2]Chalcones and their derivatives find application as artificial sweeteners [11,12], scintillator[13], polymerization catalyst [14], fluorescent whitening agents[15], organic brightening agent[16], stabilizer against heat, visible light, ultraviolet light and aging[17].
[3]3, 2’, 4’, 6’-tetrahydroxy-4-propoxy-dihydrochalcone-4-β'-neohesperdoside has been used as synthetic sweetener and is 2200 times sweeter than glucose [18].
[4]They contain a keto-ethylenic group and are therefore reactive towards several reagents e.g.
(a) phenyl hydrazine, (b) 2-amino thiophenol etc.
[5]The chalcones have been found useful in elucidating structure of natural products like hemlock tannin[19], cyanomaclurin[20], ploretin[21], eriodictyol and homo eriodictyol, naringenin etc.
Biological importance
The chalcones are associated with different biological activities like insecticidal, anticancer, anti- inflammatory, bactericidal, fungicidal, antiviral, antitumor, antimalarial and antiulcer.[22] Literature shows that licochalcone and oxygenated chalcone has strong antileishmanial activity. It is reported that chalcones exhibited potent activity against human malarial parasite. Many workers have reported the different pharmaceutical activities of chalcones and its derivatives. The antibacterial activities of some substituted chalcones have been studied by Modi et al. De vincenzo et al reported anti-inflammatory activity of some
Kinetic studies have been reported for the base-catalyzed formation of chalcone and its derivatives. [7, 8, 9] Two alternative mechanisms have been advanced for the reaction of benzaldehyde with acetophenone in the presence of a basic catalyst.
5
The formation of chalcone by the acid catalyzed condensation of acetophenone and benzaldehyde has been studied [10]. The following mechanism seems to be operating-
6
Importance of chalcones
[1]They have close relationship with flavones, aurones, tetralones and aziridines.
[2]Chalcones and their derivatives find application as artificial sweeteners [11,12], scintillator[13], polymerization catalyst [14], fluorescent whitening agents[15], organic brightening agent[16], stabilizer against heat, visible light, ultraviolet light and aging[17].
[3]3, 2’, 4’, 6’-tetrahydroxy-4-propoxy-dihydrochalcone-4-β'-neohesperdoside has been used as synthetic sweetener and is 2200 times sweeter than glucose [18].
[4]They contain a keto-ethylenic group and are therefore reactive towards several reagents e.g.
(a) phenyl hydrazine, (b) 2-amino thiophenol etc.
[5]The chalcones have been found useful in elucidating structure of natural products like hemlock tannin[19], cyanomaclurin[20], ploretin[21], eriodictyol and homo eriodictyol, naringenin etc.
Biological importance
The chalcones are associated with different biological activities like insecticidal, anticancer, anti- inflammatory, bactericidal, fungicidal, antiviral, antitumor, antimalarial and antiulcer.[22] Literature shows that licochalcone and oxygenated chalcone has strong antileishmanial activity. It is reported that chalcones exhibited potent activity against human malarial parasite. Many workers have reported the different pharmaceutical activities of chalcones and its derivatives. The antibacterial activities of some substituted chalcones have been studied by Modi et al. De vincenzo et al reported anti-inflammatory activity of some