Medicinal plants
VALENCY
Valency can be defined as the combining capacity of an element.The electrons present in the outermostmost shell of an atom are known as valence electrons and they determine the valency.The valence electrons take part in chemical reaction and they determine the chemical properties of the elements.Let us take an example,
Theatomic number of carbon is 6 Its configuration is =2,4 It means valency of carbon is 4.
In chemistry, valence, also known as valency or valence number, is the number of valence bonds[1] a given atom has formed, or can form, with one or more other atoms. For most elements the number of bonds can vary. The IUPAC definition limits valence to the maximum number of univalent atoms that may combine with the atom, that is the maximum number of valence bonds that is possible for the given element.[2]
The valence of an element depends on the number of valence electrons that may be involved in the forming of valence bonds. A univalent (monovalent) atom, ion or group has a valence of one and thus can form one covalent bond. A divalent molecular entity has a valence of two and can form two sigma bonds to two different atoms or one sigma bond plus one pi bond to a single atom.[3] Alkyl groups and hydroxyl ions are univalent examples; oxo ligands are divalent.
Over the last century, the concept of valence evolved into a range of approaches for describing the chemical bond, including Lewis structures (1916), valence bond theory (1927), molecular orbitals (1928), valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (1958) and all the advanced methods of quantum chemistry.
The etymology of the word "valence" traces back to 1425, meaning "extract, preparation," from Latin valentia "strength, capacity," and the chemical meaning referring to the "combining power of an element" is recorded from 1884, from German Valenz.[4]
In 1789, William Higgins published views on what he called combinations of "ultimate" particles, which foreshadowed the concept of
Valency can be defined as the combining capacity of an element.The electrons present in the outermostmost shell of an atom are known as valence electrons and they determine the valency.The valence electrons take part in chemical reaction and they determine the chemical properties of the elements.Let us take an example,
Theatomic number of carbon is 6 Its configuration is =2,4 It means valency of carbon is 4.
In chemistry, valence, also known as valency or valence number, is the number of valence bonds[1] a given atom has formed, or can form, with one or more other atoms. For most elements the number of bonds can vary. The IUPAC definition limits valence to the maximum number of univalent atoms that may combine with the atom, that is the maximum number of valence bonds that is possible for the given element.[2]
The valence of an element depends on the number of valence electrons that may be involved in the forming of valence bonds. A univalent (monovalent) atom, ion or group has a valence of one and thus can form one covalent bond. A divalent molecular entity has a valence of two and can form two sigma bonds to two different atoms or one sigma bond plus one pi bond to a single atom.[3] Alkyl groups and hydroxyl ions are univalent examples; oxo ligands are divalent.
Over the last century, the concept of valence evolved into a range of approaches for describing the chemical bond, including Lewis structures (1916), valence bond theory (1927), molecular orbitals (1928), valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (1958) and all the advanced methods of quantum chemistry.
The etymology of the word "valence" traces back to 1425, meaning "extract, preparation," from Latin valentia "strength, capacity," and the chemical meaning referring to the "combining power of an element" is recorded from 1884, from German Valenz.[4]
In 1789, William Higgins published views on what he called combinations of "ultimate" particles, which foreshadowed the concept of