Mental Health
Globally, there are mounting concerns among people with increasing cases of mental disorders within societies. This has led to the changing lifestyles and advancement in technology and other human activities. As a result, people have been engaged in tasks that could result in stress or depression depending on the nature of the matters at hand.
It is approximated that thousands of Americans live with various types of mental illness and mental health issues. Some of these include social anxiety, OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder), drug addiction, and personality disorders. These problems cannot be ignored due to their trivial nature in the initial stages, as they tend to perpetuate and lead to ruinous events in time. Thus, there is an utmost …show more content…
desire to handle these cases to avert painful results. Similarly, other countries have suffered the same problem, and Vietnam has acknowledged the problem especially with social workers and health care providers. Various treatment options include medication and psychotherapy (Engdahl, 2010).
This study is meant to conjure a program or plan that can be used to ensure an improvement in the lives of people living with mental illness. In this case, there is need to understand the history and the trends of concern in Vietnam, the obstacles people have been facing such as cultural stigma and institutionalization. Therefore, this study evaluates the most applicable program or system to address mental health priorities in Vietnam.
The objective of the study
This study observes the factors leading to the deployment of 60k social workers in Vietnam's social and labor sector, as well as the interventions and plans for improving the integration of preceding mental health welfare. In essence, the implementations to the labor and social sector are geared toward dedicating services that can benefit patients. Many interventions can be made to establishing that the system leads to affirmative results of the program.
This study will discuss various interventions in the effort to enhance the emotional mental health of the Vietnamese. The interventions include;
- Re-educating and providing human rights awareness
- Seminars covering the cultural stigmas surrounding mental illness
- Creating sophisticated yet cost-effective collaborative service development between the Social, Labor, and Health Sector at the Local, District, Provincial, and National stages
- Individual-based counseling and crisis intervention
As noticed, the above interventions cannot be actualized in isolation, hence will require collaboration with other concerned agencies. This study includes various agencies, especially human health experts with knowledge in counseling, and the involvement of family members. On the other hand, the public has a significant role to play in planning, hence they require intensive education on how to deal and cope with people suffering mental illness. This can be through understanding them and averting negativities such as stigmatization as well as treating the affected people in society. Essentially, these sectors will be in dire need for better social welfare as the primary intervention to have adequate mental health among various sectors such as laborers in Vietnam. Overall, the objective will be to define some major interventions that can be used in training social workers to improve mental health through evidence from other nations. As a result, there is to be a comparative study in relation to the extent and advancement of mental illness between Vietnam and other countries such as Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Uganda, South Africa, Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Iran. Using models employed in the countries mentioned above, it might be easier to determine how Vietnam can handle the issue.
For instance, in Argentina primary care physicians are involved in the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of patients suffering from severe mental disorders. In this program, which is community based, it allows patients to receive outpatient treatment in their communities with much involvement from the patient’s family and friends within familiar surroundings, with community services for adequate support. There are psychiatrists and other mental health specialists involved in reviewing and offering advice in complex cases (WHO, 2010). In Brazil, mental health in the Sobral region has adopted a collaborative care approach model in which mental health services are offered together with family health services whenever the patient’s visit for integrative primary care. In Iran, a model was established in the late 1980s in which mental health care was fully integrated into general health care starting from the community level, where the health workers (Behvarzes) play a major role in case findings, and referring complex cases to higher health centers. Vietnam can adopt similar models used in Nepal and China given that they are in a similar geographic location. In Nepal, district hospitals have secondary-level psychiatric units that have psychiatric wards. On the other hand, despite the high population in China, the country has come up with the ‘shanghai model’ for community-based rehabilitation. Under this model, there are reserved areas in hospitals with acute and severe cases to facilitate efficient psychiatric service delivery. As a result, services offered in Shanghai municipal and district hospitals have been better compared to other towns (WHO, 2010).
Research questions
The study seeks to come up with a plan or program that can evolve through various interventions to help social and labor sectors based on the emerging cases of mental illness. As a result, different research questions will have to be posed to guide the study and eventually culminate the findings through an adaptable model that can be used to address the major priorities of mental health in Vietnam. Below are the research questions;
i. Which are the most applicable interventions to address mental health issues among the labor and social sectors in Vietnam? ii. Who are highly placed in the Vietnam’s authority to address matters concerning mental health among the public? iii. What is the role of various health experts such as counselors in the attempts to address mental health in the social and labor sectors? iv. How does the mental illness ‘index’ in Vietnam compares to other countries and what can Vietnam learn from other countries such as Russian Federation based on the level of health expenditures?
Brief overview of Vietnam
Vietnam is a country known by many for its long running war between the north and south. During the Vietnam War, approximately 3 million people, including approximately 58,000 Americans, died. The war was fueled by the difference between the North and South Vietnamese between 1959 and 1975.
Geographically, Vietnam is a nation lying on the eastern seaboard of the Indochina promontory, with an estimated topographical region of 330.991 square kilometers. China is in the Northern side of Vietnam and Laos and Cambodia are on the western side of Vietnam. On the east and south of Vietnam, there is the East Sea as popularly known by the Vietnamese. The country has Mountains and slopes that cover four-fifths of the country.
Demographically, the country has a populace of 89.71 million based on 2013 census (World Bank, 2015). The majority of the people in Vietnam use Vietnamese as their main language whereas the primary ethnic gathering is Kinh/Viet that is an aggregate of 54 ethnic groups. As a result, more than 80% of the populace communicates in Vietnamese or Kinh/Viet). On the other hand, the religious groups incorporate Buddhists and Catholics.
Economically and in a social perspective, the nation is categorized as a lower middle-income nation in light of the World Bank 2004 criteria. Most people do not earn much and it is expected that at times they find life hard hence yielding mental problems. It is worth noting that 29.25% of the populace is less than 15 years old and approximately 8.82% of the populace is over the age of 60 (2004). On the other hand, a large majority of people live in rural areas, which is roughly 65-70%. The Vietnamese have a considerably higher life expectancy during childbirth that is averagely 71.3 years. This is different gender wise because males have a life expectancy of 68 years and 74 years for females). However, the healthy life expectancy is lower at 59.5 years for men and 62.9 years for women.
In the health sector, the extent of the health-spending plan to GDP is 5.2 (2012). There are 158 healing center beds for every 100,000 populace and 48,215 general professionals (both therapeutic specialists and higher) the equivalent to 58.8 experts for every 100,000 people. It has been determined that four percent of every clinic bed is private. Regarding essential consideration, there are around 37,500 doctor based essential human services centers in the nation (7,500 in general society area and 30,000 in the private) and around 3,000 non-doctor based basic human services centers).
Mental health system situations in Vietnam
Various bodies both locally and internationally have been instrumental in learning about the mental health crisis in Vietnam. Among these organizations is the World Health Organization (WHO), a body mandated to ensure health among nations. As a result, there is the World Health Organization Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems (WHO-AIMS). In one of the studies, WHO-AIMS were utilized to gather data on the mental health framework in Vietnam. This study's objective was that of collecting adequate data to enhance the mental health framework and to provide a benchmark for checking the change. The intention was to empower Vietnam to create data based mental health arrangements with clear baseline data and targets. The data was helpful in advance screening in executing different approaches, giving group demonstrations, and including clients, families and different partners in mental health advancement, avoidance, consideration, and recovery (Engdahl, 2010).
From an evaluation of the qualities of the mental health framework in Vietnam, below are some of the areas that have been well addressed in an attempt to address mental health in the country. It is evident that there is enactment to secure human rights of patients suffering mental illness. There are endeavors to elevate the value of access to psychological health administrations, whereas essential psychotropic solutions are accessible in every healing center facility. The mental wellness segment has formal connections with other important areas (e.g., health, training, and criminal equity among others). Lastly, the mental health and wellbeing professionals cooperate with essential consideration staff, and there is a policy on psychological health, plan, and enactment that exist, albeit they need upgrading to match with the urgent demands. With these strengths in the current situation in Vietnam, it will be easier to ensure the labor, and social sectors have prioritized interventions (Niemi, Thanh, Tuan, & Falkenberg, 2010).
Unfortunately, Vietnam’s mental health system has been hit by some challenges based on various weaknesses. To start with, the system lacks adequate facilities to form a substantial network in the country whereas some of these offices are not reliable. The system is known to have a large number of physicians in facilities as opposed to the community where most of the affected people live. However, these weaknesses can be addressed by ensuring that the government pumps more funds to facilitate community-based services to study and help people with mental disorders at the community level. It is difficult to have all affected individuals visit the hospitals as there are many who are not aware of their mental health. As a result, most of the services offered on mental health are administered among the people visiting the hospital. This calls for a shift to the communities as an important priority in eradicating mental illness among the Vietnamese. Despite several enactments on mental health to secure human rights, useful implementation of the law are weak, and the affected persons end up suffering for lack of adequate knowledge of their rights. That is why public awareness or training will be essential in the program to be in Vietnam (Ruggiero, 2008).
On the other hand, there are loopholes in the mental health system in Vietnam. The mandated bodies are not meeting the demands of their roles in society. That is why there is a restricted measure of training given to essential care staff. Lastly, it is evident that the system has inadequate information systems on matters to do with mental health.
Based on the WHO’s directives, a functioning information system will be essential for Vietnam. As a result, the concerned parties will have an easy time in integrating mental health into the routine health information system. The results will be significant in the identification, collation, reporting, and use core mental health data about the by sex and age. This is to be extensive to the point of capturing data on completed and attempted suicides with intentions to enhance mental health service delivery. In addition, the IS will be significant in the efforts to reach the public on promotion and prevention strategies to be in Vietnam just like witnessed in other countries.
Intervention Methods
Given the data provided in different countries, there is much to be used as interventions to ensure the social and labor sector is well administered mental health is given priority in Vietnam. As a result, Vietnam will find it necessary to set up observations or information systems (IS) to capture issues of mental health, and wellbeing along with social administrations for persons with mental illness. More so, a functioning system in Vietnam will empower an evaluation of progress after some time, and give a comprehension of the social determinants of mental health issues. This study seeks to fill the information gap in learning about mental health, including the conveyance of wellbeing and social administrations for persons with a mental health issues and psychosocial incapacities (Niemi, Thanh, Tuan, & Falkenberg, 2010).
As noted, despite the presence of a mental health system in Vietnam, there are some loopholes to be filled to ensure the proper work required for the social and labor sectors.
As a result, it is essential to give exhaustive, coordinated, and responsive mental health and social consideration for administrations in the sectors. In the connection of enhancing access to give a second thought and management quality, this study prescribes the advancement of complete labor and social consideration benefits. The reconciliation of mental health examination and treatment in general doctor's facilities and essential review and progression of consideration between diverse suppliers and levels of the health framework. It will be critical as well to compel the coordinated effort in the middle of formal, casual consideration providers and the advancement of self-care. At the end, through the utilization of electronic and portable health innovations it will be essential to educate people in the health sector and family …show more content…
members.
In addition, efforts to prioritize mental health among the Vietnam will have to welcome some collaborations of the Social, Labor, and Health Sector at the local, District, Provincial, and National stages. This has to be implemented by educating the affected people of their rights. As a result, creating emotional well-being administrations of good quality obliges the utilization of proof based conventions. The involvement of various stakeholders will be essential through the inclusion of early mediation, joining of human rights standards, regard for individual independence, and the assurance of individuals' nobility. Moreover, health specialists should not constrain intercession to enhancing mental health but rather additionally take care of the physical human services needs of youths and adults with mental issues. Alternatively, there is a need to address some of the related factors to mental health such as the use of tobacco and other drugs that lead to addiction. It is that most people turn to some drugs as a self-medicating temporary relief from symptoms of stress and depression. It is important to educate persons in both sectors on the implications of drug use. In case of addition or any related implications, various areas and bodies will have to help the affected persons to refer from their agonies (Niemi, Thanh, Tuan, & Falkenberg, 2010).
As a community, it will be essential to understanding that mental health is a duty for everyone whereas the affected people should feel a part of the fight against mental illnesses. In this case, it will be imperative to have an individual based counseling and crisis intervention through a collaborative approach based on the requirements of various interventions. Intervention also requires enhancing the community-based services, acquirement of mental health recuperation based methodology that puts the accentuation on supporting people with mental health issues and psychosocial incapacities to accomplish their particular yearnings and objectives. Therefore, authorities mandated to ensure the social and labor sectors are well and being ready to listen and react to people's comprehension of their condition and what helps them to recoup. In addition, working with individuals as equivalent accomplices in their consideration, offering decision of treatment and treatments. More so, the utilization of associated laborers and backings, which furnish one another with support and a feeling of having a place, notwithstanding their ability will be a key approach to help the mental illness patients. Moreover, Vietnam may have to adopt a multispectral methodology to oblige whereby administrations bolster people, at diverse phases of the life course and, as fitting, encourage their entrance to human rights. For example, the sufferings of the mental health patients may require vocation, housing, and education facilities, as well as the investment in group exercises, programs, and significant activities (Niemi, Thanh, Tuan, & Falkenberg, 2010)..
Efforts from various sectors would be a good idea in improving the mental health among Vietnamese. Association that is more dynamic, and backing of administration clients in the rearrangement, conveyance, and assessment and observing of administrations is obliged so that care and treatment turn out to be more receptive to their needs. Enlightening the health experts and the patients will be an important factor in prioritizing the need for an effective mental health system in Vietnam. A more noteworthy joint effort with "casual" mental health consideration suppliers, including families, and religious pioneers, confidence healers, customary healers, teachers, cops and nearby non-governmental associations is likewise required. Each of these organizations has a role to play in the overall wellbeing of the 60k workers in the labor and social sectors. Workers in these sectors are known to undergo some difficult times because in most cases they are dealing with different people in their line of duty. Some of the people receiving services from these workers may not appreciate the services despite many efforts from the workers. Therefore, these people must learn to interact freely with the workers as well as appreciating and helping them to ensure better service delivery.
On the other hand, various roles must be accomplished through various parties that include the family members, leaders, and Vietnam’s government. Therefore, it is a prerequisite for administrations to be receptive to the needs of powerless and underestimated gatherings in the public eye. This includes financially burdened families, individuals living with HIV/AIDS, women and youth living with aggressive behavior at home. Other sources of mental disorders have been survivors of brutality, gender issues such as lesbian, gay, and transgendered individuals that have led to mind disturbances in the society in which everyone’s rights must be addressed. More so, indigenous groups, outsiders, haven seekers, persons denied of freedom, and minority bunches among others inside of the national connection have suffered and needs government interventions to ensure they have peace of mind (Crighton, & Towl, 2007).
At the point when anticipating compassionate crisis reaction and recuperation, it is urgent to guarantee that mental health administrations and psychosocial group backings are broadly accessible. For example, the introduction to unfavorable life occasions or significant stressors, regular calamities, secluded, rehashed or proceeding with the cash and universal distress or progressing family and abusive behavior at home are major problems. They may have a genuine health and emotional wellness results that require cautious examination, especially as to issues of analytic portrayal that may include evading over-analysis and over-medicalization.
The proposed program of mental health interventions in Vietnam should have a diverse approach that captures educational aspects, inclusiveness, and human rights advocating ensuring the workers work at a healthy environment. Therefore, having the right number and fair conveyance of able, touchy, and appropriately qualified health experts and specialists is integral to the development of administrations for mental health and the accomplishment of better results. Incorporating emotional well-being into general wellbeing, malady particular and social consideration policies and projects (Crighton, & Towl, 2007).
Sometimes, it is not the level of investment made on any given service delivery but instead service delivery and the approach play a major role. That is why some countries have managed mental health disorders despite their budget constraints. On the other hand, good resource management, including human resources, will be enough for Vietnam to address the issue of mental health between the labor and social sector. Vietnam should consider reorganizing their healthcare system and ensure service delivery reaches the people requiring the services. Vietnam can decide to have their primary care physicians involved in the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of patients suffering severe mental disorders as seen in Argentina. As a result, the program will have to be community based to allow patients to receive outpatient treatment in their communities, with the involvement of family and friends in familiar surroundings, and community services for adequate support. This requires emphasis on having qualified psychiatrists integrated into mainstream healthcare, who are mandated in reviewing and offering advice in complex cases (WHO, 2010).
Alternatively, Vietnam can adopt similar models used in Nepal and China given that they are in similar geographic location. For instance, in Nepal there are district hospitals with secondary-level psychiatric units that have psychiatric wards. In this case, Vietnam can upgrade the health facilities or build new facilities to offer space for the mentally ill. On the other hand, Vietnam can adopt ‘shanghai model’ as used in China to ensure there is community-based rehabilitation. Just like in Nepal, these two models can be used to create space as well as having designated areas with acute and severe cases to facilitate better services delivery (WHO, 2010).
Enlightening the affected, for example, women’s wellbeing and HIV/AIDS gives an imperative chance to oversee mental health issues better, advance emotional well-being, and counteract mental health problems. In this case, there is much to borrow from other countries for Vietnam to realize an effective mental healthcare system. They can decide to copy the Brazil model in which mental health will adopt a collaborative care approach to ensure that mental health services are offered together with family health services whenever the patients visit for integrative primary care. In this case, mental health disorders can be diagnosed at an early stage ensuring help for the affected persons, before intensive mental illness takes hold that can end up claiming their lives. Another option for Vietnam can be emphasizing on an Iranian model in which mental health will be fully integrated into health care starting from the community level where the health workers will be involved in finding and referring complex cases to higher health centers. Adoption of this model will require the country to recruit more healthcare workers which should be a relatively easy acquisition given that the country has an abundance of qualified and readily available labor to be placed in various locations across Vietnam to take care for patients especially those at home (WHO, 2010).
Case in point, wellbeing laborers prepared in emotional well-being ought to be made not just to oversee mental issues in the persons they see.
Additionally, the plan in Vietnam will have to give general health data and screening for related wellbeing conditions, including no communicable illnesses and substance utilization. Not just, does administration reconciliation require the securing of new learning and attitudes to distinguish oversee and elude individuals with mental issue as suitable. Additionally, the meaning of wellbeing specialists' parts and changes to the current administration society and states of mind of general wellbeing laborers, social experts, and word related advisors and other expert gatherings. Moreover, in this setting, the part of particular psychological well-being experts should be extended to incorporate supervision and backing of general wellbeing specialists in giving emotional health mediations (Niemi, Thanh, Tuan, & Falkenberg,
2010).
Conclusion
To sum up, mental health is an essential factor for the survival of human beings. This is important in overcoming mental disorders that contribute to mental illnesses that can further contribute to poor living conditions among other implications in life. As noted, the mental health system in Vietnam has had its highs and lows and using the interventions disused above, will be possible to strengthen the mental health of the 60k workers in the social and labor sector. Additionally, it was noted that education, creating awareness, addressing individuals and their rights, as well as collaboration between various groups could help in minimizing the incidences of mental illnesses. For instance, Russia (6.5%) and Poland (6.7%) have practically the same medical expenses in percentage of the GDP as Vietnam (6.0%) and they have a superior mental health system (The World Bank 2015). Unfortunately, Vietnam has been experiencing a decline in the growth of GDP hence it may prove more difficult to establish a strong mental health system compared to the above countries. Nevertheless, using the models in China, Iran, and Brazil will be significant in optimizing resources.
It is approximated that thousands of Americans live with various types of mental illness and mental health issues. Some of these include social anxiety, OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder), drug addiction, and personality disorders. These problems cannot be ignored due to their trivial nature in the initial stages, as they tend to perpetuate and lead to ruinous events in time. Thus, there is an utmost …show more content…
desire to handle these cases to avert painful results. Similarly, other countries have suffered the same problem, and Vietnam has acknowledged the problem especially with social workers and health care providers. Various treatment options include medication and psychotherapy (Engdahl, 2010).
This study is meant to conjure a program or plan that can be used to ensure an improvement in the lives of people living with mental illness. In this case, there is need to understand the history and the trends of concern in Vietnam, the obstacles people have been facing such as cultural stigma and institutionalization. Therefore, this study evaluates the most applicable program or system to address mental health priorities in Vietnam.
The objective of the study
This study observes the factors leading to the deployment of 60k social workers in Vietnam's social and labor sector, as well as the interventions and plans for improving the integration of preceding mental health welfare. In essence, the implementations to the labor and social sector are geared toward dedicating services that can benefit patients. Many interventions can be made to establishing that the system leads to affirmative results of the program.
This study will discuss various interventions in the effort to enhance the emotional mental health of the Vietnamese. The interventions include;
- Re-educating and providing human rights awareness
- Seminars covering the cultural stigmas surrounding mental illness
- Creating sophisticated yet cost-effective collaborative service development between the Social, Labor, and Health Sector at the Local, District, Provincial, and National stages
- Individual-based counseling and crisis intervention
As noticed, the above interventions cannot be actualized in isolation, hence will require collaboration with other concerned agencies. This study includes various agencies, especially human health experts with knowledge in counseling, and the involvement of family members. On the other hand, the public has a significant role to play in planning, hence they require intensive education on how to deal and cope with people suffering mental illness. This can be through understanding them and averting negativities such as stigmatization as well as treating the affected people in society. Essentially, these sectors will be in dire need for better social welfare as the primary intervention to have adequate mental health among various sectors such as laborers in Vietnam. Overall, the objective will be to define some major interventions that can be used in training social workers to improve mental health through evidence from other nations. As a result, there is to be a comparative study in relation to the extent and advancement of mental illness between Vietnam and other countries such as Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Uganda, South Africa, Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Iran. Using models employed in the countries mentioned above, it might be easier to determine how Vietnam can handle the issue.
For instance, in Argentina primary care physicians are involved in the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of patients suffering from severe mental disorders. In this program, which is community based, it allows patients to receive outpatient treatment in their communities with much involvement from the patient’s family and friends within familiar surroundings, with community services for adequate support. There are psychiatrists and other mental health specialists involved in reviewing and offering advice in complex cases (WHO, 2010). In Brazil, mental health in the Sobral region has adopted a collaborative care approach model in which mental health services are offered together with family health services whenever the patient’s visit for integrative primary care. In Iran, a model was established in the late 1980s in which mental health care was fully integrated into general health care starting from the community level, where the health workers (Behvarzes) play a major role in case findings, and referring complex cases to higher health centers. Vietnam can adopt similar models used in Nepal and China given that they are in a similar geographic location. In Nepal, district hospitals have secondary-level psychiatric units that have psychiatric wards. On the other hand, despite the high population in China, the country has come up with the ‘shanghai model’ for community-based rehabilitation. Under this model, there are reserved areas in hospitals with acute and severe cases to facilitate efficient psychiatric service delivery. As a result, services offered in Shanghai municipal and district hospitals have been better compared to other towns (WHO, 2010).
Research questions
The study seeks to come up with a plan or program that can evolve through various interventions to help social and labor sectors based on the emerging cases of mental illness. As a result, different research questions will have to be posed to guide the study and eventually culminate the findings through an adaptable model that can be used to address the major priorities of mental health in Vietnam. Below are the research questions;
i. Which are the most applicable interventions to address mental health issues among the labor and social sectors in Vietnam? ii. Who are highly placed in the Vietnam’s authority to address matters concerning mental health among the public? iii. What is the role of various health experts such as counselors in the attempts to address mental health in the social and labor sectors? iv. How does the mental illness ‘index’ in Vietnam compares to other countries and what can Vietnam learn from other countries such as Russian Federation based on the level of health expenditures?
Brief overview of Vietnam
Vietnam is a country known by many for its long running war between the north and south. During the Vietnam War, approximately 3 million people, including approximately 58,000 Americans, died. The war was fueled by the difference between the North and South Vietnamese between 1959 and 1975.
Geographically, Vietnam is a nation lying on the eastern seaboard of the Indochina promontory, with an estimated topographical region of 330.991 square kilometers. China is in the Northern side of Vietnam and Laos and Cambodia are on the western side of Vietnam. On the east and south of Vietnam, there is the East Sea as popularly known by the Vietnamese. The country has Mountains and slopes that cover four-fifths of the country.
Demographically, the country has a populace of 89.71 million based on 2013 census (World Bank, 2015). The majority of the people in Vietnam use Vietnamese as their main language whereas the primary ethnic gathering is Kinh/Viet that is an aggregate of 54 ethnic groups. As a result, more than 80% of the populace communicates in Vietnamese or Kinh/Viet). On the other hand, the religious groups incorporate Buddhists and Catholics.
Economically and in a social perspective, the nation is categorized as a lower middle-income nation in light of the World Bank 2004 criteria. Most people do not earn much and it is expected that at times they find life hard hence yielding mental problems. It is worth noting that 29.25% of the populace is less than 15 years old and approximately 8.82% of the populace is over the age of 60 (2004). On the other hand, a large majority of people live in rural areas, which is roughly 65-70%. The Vietnamese have a considerably higher life expectancy during childbirth that is averagely 71.3 years. This is different gender wise because males have a life expectancy of 68 years and 74 years for females). However, the healthy life expectancy is lower at 59.5 years for men and 62.9 years for women.
In the health sector, the extent of the health-spending plan to GDP is 5.2 (2012). There are 158 healing center beds for every 100,000 populace and 48,215 general professionals (both therapeutic specialists and higher) the equivalent to 58.8 experts for every 100,000 people. It has been determined that four percent of every clinic bed is private. Regarding essential consideration, there are around 37,500 doctor based essential human services centers in the nation (7,500 in general society area and 30,000 in the private) and around 3,000 non-doctor based basic human services centers).
Mental health system situations in Vietnam
Various bodies both locally and internationally have been instrumental in learning about the mental health crisis in Vietnam. Among these organizations is the World Health Organization (WHO), a body mandated to ensure health among nations. As a result, there is the World Health Organization Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems (WHO-AIMS). In one of the studies, WHO-AIMS were utilized to gather data on the mental health framework in Vietnam. This study's objective was that of collecting adequate data to enhance the mental health framework and to provide a benchmark for checking the change. The intention was to empower Vietnam to create data based mental health arrangements with clear baseline data and targets. The data was helpful in advance screening in executing different approaches, giving group demonstrations, and including clients, families and different partners in mental health advancement, avoidance, consideration, and recovery (Engdahl, 2010).
From an evaluation of the qualities of the mental health framework in Vietnam, below are some of the areas that have been well addressed in an attempt to address mental health in the country. It is evident that there is enactment to secure human rights of patients suffering mental illness. There are endeavors to elevate the value of access to psychological health administrations, whereas essential psychotropic solutions are accessible in every healing center facility. The mental wellness segment has formal connections with other important areas (e.g., health, training, and criminal equity among others). Lastly, the mental health and wellbeing professionals cooperate with essential consideration staff, and there is a policy on psychological health, plan, and enactment that exist, albeit they need upgrading to match with the urgent demands. With these strengths in the current situation in Vietnam, it will be easier to ensure the labor, and social sectors have prioritized interventions (Niemi, Thanh, Tuan, & Falkenberg, 2010).
Unfortunately, Vietnam’s mental health system has been hit by some challenges based on various weaknesses. To start with, the system lacks adequate facilities to form a substantial network in the country whereas some of these offices are not reliable. The system is known to have a large number of physicians in facilities as opposed to the community where most of the affected people live. However, these weaknesses can be addressed by ensuring that the government pumps more funds to facilitate community-based services to study and help people with mental disorders at the community level. It is difficult to have all affected individuals visit the hospitals as there are many who are not aware of their mental health. As a result, most of the services offered on mental health are administered among the people visiting the hospital. This calls for a shift to the communities as an important priority in eradicating mental illness among the Vietnamese. Despite several enactments on mental health to secure human rights, useful implementation of the law are weak, and the affected persons end up suffering for lack of adequate knowledge of their rights. That is why public awareness or training will be essential in the program to be in Vietnam (Ruggiero, 2008).
On the other hand, there are loopholes in the mental health system in Vietnam. The mandated bodies are not meeting the demands of their roles in society. That is why there is a restricted measure of training given to essential care staff. Lastly, it is evident that the system has inadequate information systems on matters to do with mental health.
Based on the WHO’s directives, a functioning information system will be essential for Vietnam. As a result, the concerned parties will have an easy time in integrating mental health into the routine health information system. The results will be significant in the identification, collation, reporting, and use core mental health data about the by sex and age. This is to be extensive to the point of capturing data on completed and attempted suicides with intentions to enhance mental health service delivery. In addition, the IS will be significant in the efforts to reach the public on promotion and prevention strategies to be in Vietnam just like witnessed in other countries.
Intervention Methods
Given the data provided in different countries, there is much to be used as interventions to ensure the social and labor sector is well administered mental health is given priority in Vietnam. As a result, Vietnam will find it necessary to set up observations or information systems (IS) to capture issues of mental health, and wellbeing along with social administrations for persons with mental illness. More so, a functioning system in Vietnam will empower an evaluation of progress after some time, and give a comprehension of the social determinants of mental health issues. This study seeks to fill the information gap in learning about mental health, including the conveyance of wellbeing and social administrations for persons with a mental health issues and psychosocial incapacities (Niemi, Thanh, Tuan, & Falkenberg, 2010).
As noted, despite the presence of a mental health system in Vietnam, there are some loopholes to be filled to ensure the proper work required for the social and labor sectors.
As a result, it is essential to give exhaustive, coordinated, and responsive mental health and social consideration for administrations in the sectors. In the connection of enhancing access to give a second thought and management quality, this study prescribes the advancement of complete labor and social consideration benefits. The reconciliation of mental health examination and treatment in general doctor's facilities and essential review and progression of consideration between diverse suppliers and levels of the health framework. It will be critical as well to compel the coordinated effort in the middle of formal, casual consideration providers and the advancement of self-care. At the end, through the utilization of electronic and portable health innovations it will be essential to educate people in the health sector and family …show more content…
members.
In addition, efforts to prioritize mental health among the Vietnam will have to welcome some collaborations of the Social, Labor, and Health Sector at the local, District, Provincial, and National stages. This has to be implemented by educating the affected people of their rights. As a result, creating emotional well-being administrations of good quality obliges the utilization of proof based conventions. The involvement of various stakeholders will be essential through the inclusion of early mediation, joining of human rights standards, regard for individual independence, and the assurance of individuals' nobility. Moreover, health specialists should not constrain intercession to enhancing mental health but rather additionally take care of the physical human services needs of youths and adults with mental issues. Alternatively, there is a need to address some of the related factors to mental health such as the use of tobacco and other drugs that lead to addiction. It is that most people turn to some drugs as a self-medicating temporary relief from symptoms of stress and depression. It is important to educate persons in both sectors on the implications of drug use. In case of addition or any related implications, various areas and bodies will have to help the affected persons to refer from their agonies (Niemi, Thanh, Tuan, & Falkenberg, 2010).
As a community, it will be essential to understanding that mental health is a duty for everyone whereas the affected people should feel a part of the fight against mental illnesses. In this case, it will be imperative to have an individual based counseling and crisis intervention through a collaborative approach based on the requirements of various interventions. Intervention also requires enhancing the community-based services, acquirement of mental health recuperation based methodology that puts the accentuation on supporting people with mental health issues and psychosocial incapacities to accomplish their particular yearnings and objectives. Therefore, authorities mandated to ensure the social and labor sectors are well and being ready to listen and react to people's comprehension of their condition and what helps them to recoup. In addition, working with individuals as equivalent accomplices in their consideration, offering decision of treatment and treatments. More so, the utilization of associated laborers and backings, which furnish one another with support and a feeling of having a place, notwithstanding their ability will be a key approach to help the mental illness patients. Moreover, Vietnam may have to adopt a multispectral methodology to oblige whereby administrations bolster people, at diverse phases of the life course and, as fitting, encourage their entrance to human rights. For example, the sufferings of the mental health patients may require vocation, housing, and education facilities, as well as the investment in group exercises, programs, and significant activities (Niemi, Thanh, Tuan, & Falkenberg, 2010)..
Efforts from various sectors would be a good idea in improving the mental health among Vietnamese. Association that is more dynamic, and backing of administration clients in the rearrangement, conveyance, and assessment and observing of administrations is obliged so that care and treatment turn out to be more receptive to their needs. Enlightening the health experts and the patients will be an important factor in prioritizing the need for an effective mental health system in Vietnam. A more noteworthy joint effort with "casual" mental health consideration suppliers, including families, and religious pioneers, confidence healers, customary healers, teachers, cops and nearby non-governmental associations is likewise required. Each of these organizations has a role to play in the overall wellbeing of the 60k workers in the labor and social sectors. Workers in these sectors are known to undergo some difficult times because in most cases they are dealing with different people in their line of duty. Some of the people receiving services from these workers may not appreciate the services despite many efforts from the workers. Therefore, these people must learn to interact freely with the workers as well as appreciating and helping them to ensure better service delivery.
On the other hand, various roles must be accomplished through various parties that include the family members, leaders, and Vietnam’s government. Therefore, it is a prerequisite for administrations to be receptive to the needs of powerless and underestimated gatherings in the public eye. This includes financially burdened families, individuals living with HIV/AIDS, women and youth living with aggressive behavior at home. Other sources of mental disorders have been survivors of brutality, gender issues such as lesbian, gay, and transgendered individuals that have led to mind disturbances in the society in which everyone’s rights must be addressed. More so, indigenous groups, outsiders, haven seekers, persons denied of freedom, and minority bunches among others inside of the national connection have suffered and needs government interventions to ensure they have peace of mind (Crighton, & Towl, 2007).
At the point when anticipating compassionate crisis reaction and recuperation, it is urgent to guarantee that mental health administrations and psychosocial group backings are broadly accessible. For example, the introduction to unfavorable life occasions or significant stressors, regular calamities, secluded, rehashed or proceeding with the cash and universal distress or progressing family and abusive behavior at home are major problems. They may have a genuine health and emotional wellness results that require cautious examination, especially as to issues of analytic portrayal that may include evading over-analysis and over-medicalization.
The proposed program of mental health interventions in Vietnam should have a diverse approach that captures educational aspects, inclusiveness, and human rights advocating ensuring the workers work at a healthy environment. Therefore, having the right number and fair conveyance of able, touchy, and appropriately qualified health experts and specialists is integral to the development of administrations for mental health and the accomplishment of better results. Incorporating emotional well-being into general wellbeing, malady particular and social consideration policies and projects (Crighton, & Towl, 2007).
Sometimes, it is not the level of investment made on any given service delivery but instead service delivery and the approach play a major role. That is why some countries have managed mental health disorders despite their budget constraints. On the other hand, good resource management, including human resources, will be enough for Vietnam to address the issue of mental health between the labor and social sector. Vietnam should consider reorganizing their healthcare system and ensure service delivery reaches the people requiring the services. Vietnam can decide to have their primary care physicians involved in the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of patients suffering severe mental disorders as seen in Argentina. As a result, the program will have to be community based to allow patients to receive outpatient treatment in their communities, with the involvement of family and friends in familiar surroundings, and community services for adequate support. This requires emphasis on having qualified psychiatrists integrated into mainstream healthcare, who are mandated in reviewing and offering advice in complex cases (WHO, 2010).
Alternatively, Vietnam can adopt similar models used in Nepal and China given that they are in similar geographic location. For instance, in Nepal there are district hospitals with secondary-level psychiatric units that have psychiatric wards. In this case, Vietnam can upgrade the health facilities or build new facilities to offer space for the mentally ill. On the other hand, Vietnam can adopt ‘shanghai model’ as used in China to ensure there is community-based rehabilitation. Just like in Nepal, these two models can be used to create space as well as having designated areas with acute and severe cases to facilitate better services delivery (WHO, 2010).
Enlightening the affected, for example, women’s wellbeing and HIV/AIDS gives an imperative chance to oversee mental health issues better, advance emotional well-being, and counteract mental health problems. In this case, there is much to borrow from other countries for Vietnam to realize an effective mental healthcare system. They can decide to copy the Brazil model in which mental health will adopt a collaborative care approach to ensure that mental health services are offered together with family health services whenever the patients visit for integrative primary care. In this case, mental health disorders can be diagnosed at an early stage ensuring help for the affected persons, before intensive mental illness takes hold that can end up claiming their lives. Another option for Vietnam can be emphasizing on an Iranian model in which mental health will be fully integrated into health care starting from the community level where the health workers will be involved in finding and referring complex cases to higher health centers. Adoption of this model will require the country to recruit more healthcare workers which should be a relatively easy acquisition given that the country has an abundance of qualified and readily available labor to be placed in various locations across Vietnam to take care for patients especially those at home (WHO, 2010).
Case in point, wellbeing laborers prepared in emotional well-being ought to be made not just to oversee mental issues in the persons they see.
Additionally, the plan in Vietnam will have to give general health data and screening for related wellbeing conditions, including no communicable illnesses and substance utilization. Not just, does administration reconciliation require the securing of new learning and attitudes to distinguish oversee and elude individuals with mental issue as suitable. Additionally, the meaning of wellbeing specialists' parts and changes to the current administration society and states of mind of general wellbeing laborers, social experts, and word related advisors and other expert gatherings. Moreover, in this setting, the part of particular psychological well-being experts should be extended to incorporate supervision and backing of general wellbeing specialists in giving emotional health mediations (Niemi, Thanh, Tuan, & Falkenberg,
2010).
Conclusion
To sum up, mental health is an essential factor for the survival of human beings. This is important in overcoming mental disorders that contribute to mental illnesses that can further contribute to poor living conditions among other implications in life. As noted, the mental health system in Vietnam has had its highs and lows and using the interventions disused above, will be possible to strengthen the mental health of the 60k workers in the social and labor sector. Additionally, it was noted that education, creating awareness, addressing individuals and their rights, as well as collaboration between various groups could help in minimizing the incidences of mental illnesses. For instance, Russia (6.5%) and Poland (6.7%) have practically the same medical expenses in percentage of the GDP as Vietnam (6.0%) and they have a superior mental health system (The World Bank 2015). Unfortunately, Vietnam has been experiencing a decline in the growth of GDP hence it may prove more difficult to establish a strong mental health system compared to the above countries. Nevertheless, using the models in China, Iran, and Brazil will be significant in optimizing resources.