Mesopotamian Civilisation
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Mesopotamia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see Mesopotamia (disambiguation).
Map showing the extent of Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia (from the Ancient Greek: Μεσοποταμία: "[land] between rivers"; Arabic: بلاد الرافدين (bilād al-rāfidayn); Syriac: ܒܝܬ ܢܗܪܝܢ(beth nahrain): "land of rivers") is a toponym for the area of the Tigris–Euphrates river system, corresponding to modern-day Iraq and to a lesser extent northeastern Syria, southeastern Turkey and smaller parts of southwestern Iran.
Widely considered to be the cradle of civilization in the West, Bronze Age Mesopotamia included Sumer and the Akkadian,Babylonian and Assyrian empires, all native to the territory of modern-day Iraq. In the Iron Age, it was controlled by the Neo-Assyrianand Neo-Babylonian empires. The indigenous Sumerians and Akkadians (including Assyrians and Babylonians) dominated Mesopotamia from the beginning of written history (c. 3100 BC) to the fall of Babylon in 539 BC, when it was conquered by theAchaemenid Empire. It fell to Alexander the Great in 332 BC and, after his death, it became part of the Greek Seleucid Empire.
Around 150 BC, Mesopotamia was under the control of the Parthians. Mesopotamia became a battleground between the Romans and Parthians, with parts of Mesopotamia coming under ephemeral Roman control. In AD 226, it fell to the Sassanid Persians, and remained under Persian rule until the 7th century Arab Islamic conquest of the Sassanid Empire. A number of primarily neo Assyrian and Christian native Mesopotamian states existed between the 1st century BC and 3rd century AD, including Adiabene, Osroene andHatra. Contents [hide] * 1 Etymology * 2 Geography * 3 History * 3.1 Periodization * 4 Language and writing * 4.1 Literature * 5 Science and technology * 5.1 Mathematics * 5.2 Astronomy * 5.3 Medicine * 5.4 Technology * 6 Religion and philosophy * 6.1
Mesopotamia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see Mesopotamia (disambiguation).
Map showing the extent of Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia (from the Ancient Greek: Μεσοποταμία: "[land] between rivers"; Arabic: بلاد الرافدين (bilād al-rāfidayn); Syriac: ܒܝܬ ܢܗܪܝܢ(beth nahrain): "land of rivers") is a toponym for the area of the Tigris–Euphrates river system, corresponding to modern-day Iraq and to a lesser extent northeastern Syria, southeastern Turkey and smaller parts of southwestern Iran.
Widely considered to be the cradle of civilization in the West, Bronze Age Mesopotamia included Sumer and the Akkadian,Babylonian and Assyrian empires, all native to the territory of modern-day Iraq. In the Iron Age, it was controlled by the Neo-Assyrianand Neo-Babylonian empires. The indigenous Sumerians and Akkadians (including Assyrians and Babylonians) dominated Mesopotamia from the beginning of written history (c. 3100 BC) to the fall of Babylon in 539 BC, when it was conquered by theAchaemenid Empire. It fell to Alexander the Great in 332 BC and, after his death, it became part of the Greek Seleucid Empire.
Around 150 BC, Mesopotamia was under the control of the Parthians. Mesopotamia became a battleground between the Romans and Parthians, with parts of Mesopotamia coming under ephemeral Roman control. In AD 226, it fell to the Sassanid Persians, and remained under Persian rule until the 7th century Arab Islamic conquest of the Sassanid Empire. A number of primarily neo Assyrian and Christian native Mesopotamian states existed between the 1st century BC and 3rd century AD, including Adiabene, Osroene andHatra. Contents [hide] * 1 Etymology * 2 Geography * 3 History * 3.1 Periodization * 4 Language and writing * 4.1 Literature * 5 Science and technology * 5.1 Mathematics * 5.2 Astronomy * 5.3 Medicine * 5.4 Technology * 6 Religion and philosophy * 6.1
References: * Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (10,000–8700 BC) * Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (8700–6800) * Akkadian Empire (~2350–2100 BC) * Ur III period (2112–2004 BC) * collapse: Minoan Eruption (c. 1620 BC) * Late Bronze Age * Kassite dynasty in Babylon, (ca. 1595 BC–1155 BC) * collapse: Bronze Age collapse (12th to 11th c