Metrology Assignment

Introduction | | The development of a Machine one the drawing board is part of the overall task of design. If the designer's creation is to leave the drawing board and become a physical peice of hardware, it must be manufacturable. In other words, the design of all the parts if a machine should be such that they can be produced by some manufacturing methods and then assembled at competitive cost. The designer should have a thorough knowledge of the capabilities and limitations of the manufacturing methods. Only then can be properly design parts, select the materials and manufacturing methods, specify toelerences, consider assembly procedures, specify the reliability of the machine and incorporate human aspects in the design.. | | STANDARDIZATION: | | Modern systems are increasingly becoming more and more complex. A large number of mechanical components , controls, computers and communication subsystems are found interconnected in a complex system. Such a complex system can have many sources of errors. While some errors may be predictable, others are not due to their randam nature. Predictable errors are those which can be foreseen based on the mathemetucal description of the system's dynamics. In order to minimise predictable errors, the use of standards is advocated. | | The main purpose of standardization is to establish mandatory or obligatory norms for the design and production of machines so as to reduce variations in their types and grades and to achieve quality characteristics in raw materials, semi-finished and finished products. | | Standardization , therefore, provides the following benefits. | | (a). Better product quality , reliability, and longer life service. | | (b) Mass production of components at low cost. | | (c) Easy avalability of parts for replacement and maintenance. | | (d) Less time and effort required to manufacture. | | (e) reduction in variations in size and grades of an article. | |