Mgt 300 Study Guide - Exam 2

Chapter 2: The classical approaches (scientific management, administrative principles, and bureaucratic organization) share a common assumption: people at work act in a rational manner that is primarily driven by economic concerns. Scientific Management: in 1911, Fredrick W. Taylor published The Principles of Scientific Management, in which he made the following statement: “The principle object of management should be to secure maximum prosperity for the employer, coupled with the maximum prosperity for the employee. He noticed that many workers did their jobs their own ways and without clear and uniform specifications. He believed this caused them to lose efficiency and underperform. He believed the problem would be fixed by scientific management: emphasizes careful selection and training of workers and supervisory support. Principles of Scientific Management: 1. Develop for every job a “science” that includes rules of motion, standardized work implements, and proper working conditions. (Gilbreths motion study- the science of reducing a task to its basic physical motions)2. Carefully select workers with the right abilities for the job. 3. Carefully train workers to do the job and give them the proper incentives to cooperate with the job “science.” 4. Support workers by carefully planning their work and by smoothing the way as they go about their jobs. An example of its present day influence can be seen at United Parcel Service where many workers are guided by carefully calibrated productivity standards. The point is that savings of seconds on individual stops adds up to significant increases in productivity. Administrative Principles: in 1916, Henri Fayol published Administrative Industrielle et Generale, a book that identifies 5 “duties” of mgmt, which closely resemble the 4 functions of mgmt we talk about today: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Administrative Principles: 1.foresight- to compete a plan of action for the future 2.Organization- to