Microbes in Human Welfare
CHAPTER 10
MICROBES IN HUMAN WELFARE
10.1 Microbes in Household
Products
10.2 Microbes in Industrial
Products
10.3 Microbes in Sewage
Treatment
10.4 Microbes in Production of
Biogas
10.5 Microbes as Biocontrol
Agents
10.6 Microbes as Biofertilisers
Besides macroscopic plants and animals, microbes are the major components of biological systems on this earth.
You have studied about the diversity of living organisms in Class XI. Do you remember which Kingdoms among the living organisms contain micro-organisms? Which are the ones that are only microscopic? Microbes are present everywhere – in soil, water, air, inside our bodies and that of other animals and plants. They are present even at sites where no other life-form could possibly exist – sites such as deep inside the geysers (thermal vents) where the temperature may be as high as 1000C, deep in the soil, under the layers of snow several metres thick, and in highly acidic environments. Microbes are diverse– protozoa, bacteria, fungi and microscopic plants viruses, viroids and also prions that are proteinacious infectious agents. Some of the microbes are shown in Figures 10.1 and 10.2.
Microbes like bacteria and many fungi can be grown on nutritive media to form colonies (Figure 10.3), that can be seen with the naked eyes. Such cultures are useful in studies on micro-organisms.
BIOLOGY
(a)
(b)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(c)
Figure10.1 Bacteria: (a) Rod-shaped, magnified 1500X ; (b) Spherical shaped, magnified1500X; (c) A rodshaped bacterium showing flagella, magnified 50,000X
Figure 10.2
Viruses: (a) A bacteriophage; (b)
Adenovirus which causes respiratory infections; (c) Rod-shaped Tobacco
Mosaic Virus (TMV). Magnified about
1,00,000–1,50,000X
1 80
(a)
(b)
Figure 10.3 (a) Colonies of bacteria growing in a petri dish;
(b) Fungal colony growing in a petri dish
MICROBES IN HUMAN WELFARE
In chapter 8, you have read that microbes cause a large
MICROBES IN HUMAN WELFARE
10.1 Microbes in Household
Products
10.2 Microbes in Industrial
Products
10.3 Microbes in Sewage
Treatment
10.4 Microbes in Production of
Biogas
10.5 Microbes as Biocontrol
Agents
10.6 Microbes as Biofertilisers
Besides macroscopic plants and animals, microbes are the major components of biological systems on this earth.
You have studied about the diversity of living organisms in Class XI. Do you remember which Kingdoms among the living organisms contain micro-organisms? Which are the ones that are only microscopic? Microbes are present everywhere – in soil, water, air, inside our bodies and that of other animals and plants. They are present even at sites where no other life-form could possibly exist – sites such as deep inside the geysers (thermal vents) where the temperature may be as high as 1000C, deep in the soil, under the layers of snow several metres thick, and in highly acidic environments. Microbes are diverse– protozoa, bacteria, fungi and microscopic plants viruses, viroids and also prions that are proteinacious infectious agents. Some of the microbes are shown in Figures 10.1 and 10.2.
Microbes like bacteria and many fungi can be grown on nutritive media to form colonies (Figure 10.3), that can be seen with the naked eyes. Such cultures are useful in studies on micro-organisms.
BIOLOGY
(a)
(b)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(c)
Figure10.1 Bacteria: (a) Rod-shaped, magnified 1500X ; (b) Spherical shaped, magnified1500X; (c) A rodshaped bacterium showing flagella, magnified 50,000X
Figure 10.2
Viruses: (a) A bacteriophage; (b)
Adenovirus which causes respiratory infections; (c) Rod-shaped Tobacco
Mosaic Virus (TMV). Magnified about
1,00,000–1,50,000X
1 80
(a)
(b)
Figure 10.3 (a) Colonies of bacteria growing in a petri dish;
(b) Fungal colony growing in a petri dish
MICROBES IN HUMAN WELFARE
In chapter 8, you have read that microbes cause a large