2. Almost all bacteria contain peptidoglycan and they encompass the cytoplasmic membrane. Human cells do not contain peptidoglycan, or any eukaryotic cell. Most anti-biotics target the peptidoglycan simply because humans do not have it. Thus, if anti-biotics targeted the cytoplasmic membrane, human cells could be damaged. This would occur due to the similar phospholipid bilayer that both human cells and bacterium contain. According to the book, Microbiology: a Human Perspective, the authors convey that, “Compounds that interfere with the synthesis of peptidoglycan or alter its structural integrity weaken the molecule . . . These substances have no effect on eukaryotic cells because peptidoglycan is unique to bacteria” (Nester et al., 2012, pg. 62). Thus, interfering with the peptidoglycan anti-biotics can harm bacteria without harming human cells. Researchers had to find a way of defeating pathogens without harming human cells and targeting a certain characteristic to bacteria has proven to be beneficial to eukaryotes.
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