MICROENCAPSULATION TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS

Department of Chemical Engineering
13CGC037: Dissertation BEng Status (non-DIS placement)

Microencapsulation Techniques and Applications
Student Name: Photchara Chawasap, B118708
Date: 26/9/2013
Word Count: 8321

SUMMARY

Microencapsulation is a technique in which active ingredients solid or liquid are coated within a second material for the purpose of protecting the active ingredient from the surrounding environment. The coated core material is called a ‘microcapsule’. The active ingredient is the core material and the surrounding material forms a coating or a shell. Examples of core materials, are pesticides, flavor, drugs, vitamins and catalysts. Coating materials are usually made from polymeric material, but it can be also be made from non-polymeric materials.

There are a wide range of techniques for microencapsulation. The techniques can be categorized into three processes. This includes, physical process, physico-chemical process and chemical process. Physical process includes, pan coating,spinning disk, spray drying, spray congealing, electrostatic deposition, centrifugal extrusion and air suspension coating. Physico-chemical process includes, coacervation phase separation and polymer encapsulation by rapid expansion of supercritical fluid. Chemical processes, include solvent evaporation interfacial polymerization, insitu polymerization, polymer/polymer incompatibility and vapor deposition. The technique chosen is dependent on the chemical and physical properties of the core material. There are many factors that affect the efficiency of encapsulation. This includes, solubility of polymer in solvent, solubility of organic solvent in water, concentration of polymer, ratio of dispersed phase to continuous phase, interaction between core material and polymer and solubility of core material in the continuous phase.

Microencapsulation can be applied in industry, through the release of core material. The four main

References: 2) Bansode S. S., Banarjee S. K., Gaikwad D., Gaikwad D., Jadhav S. L. and Thorat R. M., 2010, MICROENCAPSULATION : A REVIEW, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 1, 38-43. 3) Berkland C., King M., Cox A., Kim K 4) Bodmeier R. and McGinity J.W., 1988, Solvent selection in the preparation of PLA microspheres prepared by the solvent evaporation method, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 43 (1-2), 179-186. 5) Boh, B and Šumiga B, 2008, Microencapsulation technology and its applicationsin building construction materials, Materials and Geoenvironment, 55 (3), 329-344. 6) Boury F., Marchais H., Proust J. E., and Benoit J. P., 1997, Bovine serum albumin release from poly(alpha-hydroxy acid) microspheres: effects of polymer molecular weight and surface properties, Journal of Controlled Release, 45 ,75-86. 7) Caldwell H.C. and Rosen E., 1941, New air suspension apparatus for coating discrete solids, Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 53, 1387-1391. 8) Chang T.M.S, 1964, Semipermeable Microcapsules, Science, 146, 524-525. 9) Dubey R, Shami T.C. and Rao K.U.B., 2009, Microencapsulation Technology and Applications, Defence Science Journal, 59 (1), 82-95. 10) Goiun S., 2004, Microencapsulation: industrial appraisal of existing technologies and trends, Trends in Food Science and Technology, 15 (7-8), 330-347. 11) Goodwin J.T. and Somerville G.R., 1974, Chemtech, 623–626. 12) Green B.K. and Schleicher L., 1957, US patent, 2800457. 13) Jeyanthi R., Mehta R. C., Thanoo B. C., and DeLuca P. P., 1997, Effect of processing parameters on the properties of peptide containing PLGA microspheres, Journal of Microencapsulation, 14, 163-174. 14) Jyothi N.V.N., Prasanna P.M.,Sakarkar S.N.,Prabha K.S., Ramaiah P.S. and Srawan G.Y., 2010, Microencapsulation techniques, factors influencing encapsulation efficiency, Journal of Microencapsulation, 27 (3), 187-197. 15) Koff A., 1963, U. S. Patent 3, 080, 292. 16) Kumar B.P., Basha S.O., Ahmed F., Pasha O. and Aqther A., 2012, FUNDAMENTALS OF MANUFACTURING, APPLICATIONS AND DRUG, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical sciences, 5 (1), 5-7. 17) Lachman L.A., Liberman H.A., Kanig J.L., 1990, The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, Varghese Publishing House, 414-420. 18) Leon L., Herbert A 19) Lewinka D., Bukowski J., Kozuchowski M., Kinasiewicz A. and Werynski A., 2008, Electrostatic Microencapsulation of Living Cells, Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, 28 (2), 69-84. 22) Lowey H., 1958, U.S. Patent 2,853,420. 24) Masuda M., 2011, Microencapsulation of Pesticides for Controlling Release from Coatings, Thesis for the Degree of Doctor philosophy, 1-63. 25) Mathiowitz E., Kreitz M.R., Brannon-Peppas L., 2008, Microencapsulation, 5(2), 495-496. 27) Mehta R. C., Jeyanthi R., Calis S., Thanoo B. C., Burton K. W., and DeLuca P. P., 1994, Biodegradable microspheres as depot system for parenteral delivery of peptide drugs, Journal of Controlled Release, 29, 375-384. 30) O’Donnell P.B., McGinity J.W., 1997, Preparation of microspheres by solvent evaporation technique, Advance Drug Delivery Reviews, 28, 25-42. 35) Sankar.C,Mishra.B,V., 2005, Development and in vitro evaluations of gelatin A microspheres of ketorolac tromethamine for intranasalon the properties of spray dried microspheres, Journal of Microencapsulation, 22(4), 377-395. 36) Santanu C.R., Paras B., Rajesh G., 2012, MICROENCAPSULATION : A REVIEW, IJPI’s journal of Pharmaceutics and Cosmetology, 2 (8), 76-86. 37) Seethadevi A., Sri S.J., Prabha K.S., Muthuprasanna P., and Pavitra, P., 2012 MICROENCAPSULATION : A REVIEW, International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 3 (1), 509-531. 38) Singh M.N., Hemant K.S.Y., Ram M., and Shivakumar H.G., 2010, Microencapsulation: A promising technique for controlled drug delivery, Research in Pharmaceutical Science, 5 (2), 65-77 39) Umer H, Nigam H., Tamboli A.M 40) Vrancken M. and Claeys D., 1970, US3,523,906. 41) Wurster D.E., 1953, US Patent 2,648,609 Books 1) Ranney M.W., 1969, Microencapsulation Technology, pp 2) Risch S.J. and Reineccius G.A., 1988, pp 3-6, American Chemical Society, Washington