Microscoptic Unicelluar

1. What are immunoglobins
Immunoglobulin’s or antibodies are substances produced by the body’s immune system in response to bacteria, viruses, or other foreign substances, such as fungus, allergens or cancer cells. Antibodies attach to the foreign substances, causing them to be destroyed by other immune system cells. Secretory Immunoglobulin A (SIgA) is a subclass of Immunoglobulin A (IgA), an antibody that plays a critical role in mucosal immunity. SIgA is the main immunoglobulin found in mucous secretions from the tear glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, the respiratory system, the genito-urinary tract, and the gastrointestinal tract. SIgA plays a key role in protecting vulnerable areas such as the oral cavity, lungs, and gut from invading pathogens.

Where are they found gA antibodies are found in the nose, breathing passages, digestive tract, ears, eyes, vagina, saliva, tears, and blood.

IgG antibodies are very common and found in all bodily fluids.

IgM antibodies are found in blood and lymph fluid.

IgE antibodies are found in the lungs, skin, and mucous membranes.

IgD antibodies are found in small amounts in the tissues that line the belly or chest.

Where are they found gA antibodies are found in the nose, breathing passages, digestive tract, ears, eyes, vagina, saliva, tears, and blood.

IgG antibodies are very common and found in all bodily fluids.

IgM antibodies are found in blood and lymph fluid.

IgE antibodies are found in the lungs, skin, and mucous membranes.

IgD antibodies are found in small amounts in the tissues that line the belly or chest.

Antigen binding
Antigen binding by antibodies is the primary function of antibodies and can result in protection of the host.
Effector Functions
The immunoglobulins mediate a variety of these effector functions. Usually the ability to carry out a particular effector function requires that the antibody bind to its antigen.

3. Bacteria are the smallest organisms capable of growing and reproducing independently of other cells. The shape of bacteria is determined by their rigid cell wall. Bacteria is classified by shape into three basic groups:
• Cocci (spherical)
• Bacilli (rod-shaped)
• Spirochetes (helical)
Viruses
The commonest virus found in the oral cavity is Herpes simplex; both types 1 and 2 (type 1 causes cold sores). Cytomegalovirus is also present in most individuals. Papilloma virus may be present, associated with warts. Hepatitis and HIV can be found in the oral cavity in saliva and blood. Other viruses that can be found in the oral cavity include those responsible for measles, mumps and glandular fever.
Differences;
Bacteria - microscopic unicellular prokaryotic organisms characterized by the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Virus - parasite with a no cellular structure composed mainly of nucleic acid within a protein coat. prokaryotic - a cellular organism (as a bacterium or a blue-green alga) that does not have a distinct nucleus.

1.Hepatitis B is more likely to be transmitted in dentistry because you deal with patients on a daily basis, things like blood and saliva and sharp objects are everywhere. Patients may carry HBV and be infectious from 1 to 4 months after contracting the disease. A high standard of clinical hygiene, including the routine use of disposable needles for injections, single dose containers for drugs to be injected, sterilized instruments and personal cleanliness before and after treating patients, is essential to prevent transmission of HBV. Whereas the risk of HIV is very low in a dental practice, when a person has HIV, infectious virus can be found in their blood, semen (men), vaginal fluids (women) and breast milk (women).