MIDTERM 1

MIDTERM 1
Wednesday, February 04, 2015

9:43 PM

p.3-41
• 1830's William Talbot invents calotype (negative)
• Lens
• Shutter
• Pinhole camera
• Exposure
• Polaroid 600
• 35mm single lens reflex
• Zoom lens
p.53-78
p.84-89
p.94-97
p.100-104
p.137-156
p.233-244
p.284-293
p.293-308
p.404-409
p.381-390
ADDITIONAL RDG #1 [Sarkowski]
p.49-53 optional

WEEKS I & II
• Design elements: Basic visual building blocks used to create works of art.
○ Format
○ Space
○ Line
 Horizontal lines represent stability, width, and calmness  Diagonal lines represent movement and convergence.  Vertical lines represent active movement.
○ Shape
○ Form/Volume
 Form is the 2-dimensional representation
(illusion) of a 3-d object.
○ Texture
 Tactile quality of image
○ Value
○ Color
• Design Principles: Theoretical concepts guiding the compositional placement and organization of the design elements within the work of art or design
○ Gestalt
 The overall perception of a configuration, pattern, structure or wholeness. It is based on the idea of a whole being inseparable by its parts. ○ Unity
 Describes the manner in which a composition holds together [harmony]
 The grid is a type of unifying framework
○ Patterning
 Repetitious visual structure
○ Balance
 Symmetrical
 Asymmetrical
 Crystallographic
 Radial
○ Emphasis
 Pertains to the formation of a specific region of
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Types of Camera
1. Pinhole Camera
2. Polaroid 600
3. 35mm single reflex

Photographers
• Ann Hamilton (made pinhole camera with her mouth)
• Minor White (1908-1976) symbolic and realistic landscapes
• David Hockney (b.1937) movement based photography, many angles
○ Used polaroid 600, 35mm, and zoom lens
○ Explored Eastern culture in his photographs
○ Many photographic compilation pieces
• Henri Cartier Bresson (1908-2004) defined the decisive moment as the single definitive capture of an image, right when the camera shutter closes.
• Arno Rafael Minkkinen (b.1945) [Finnish works in the US]
○ His photography features nude human bodies in nature. Photos are black and white, balanced, and symmetrical. He uses various lines complemented by vast open space.
• Vanessa Winship (b.1960) [British, Black Sea Series]
○ Grainy photos, black and white, features common people, heavy use of converging lines
• Sally Mann (b. 1951) [American, Immediate Family Matters and At Twelve]
○ Black and white, angry models as subjects glaring at camera, exhibits use of spotlighting.
• Robert Frank (b. 1924) [Swiss Works in America]
○ Recurring themes of diversity, American spirit, movement, and immigration. • Josef Koudelka (b. 1938) [Czech Rep.]
○ Black and white wartime photos which use scale to emphasize importance amongst subjects, employs converging lines and the rule of thirds.
• William Eggleston (b. 1939) [American]
○ Uses concepts of color (complementary and contrasting), lines, and generally takes open photos
• Philip-Lorca Dicorcia (b. 1951) [American]
○ Took photos of male prostitutes with light source either included or implied in the photos.
• James Casebere (b. 1953) [American]
○ Plain white interiors with natural lighting, color photos but the images are monotonous.
• Gregory Crewdson (b. 1962) [American, Twilight]
○ Fertility, sexuality, photos taken of pregnant women in suburban setting. ○ Uses spotlighting from various artificial sources with photos taken at night. ○ Closed photography and frame within frame within to create a mood of loneliness.
• Larry Sultan (1946-2009) [American, Pictures from Home]
○ Features elderly people reminiscing, uses color green, features people looking away from camera. Mood of longing.
• Angela Strassheim (1970's) [America, Evidence}
○ Takes a wide angle photo of a building from exterior followed by black and white photos of the interior.
• Hilla and Bernhard Becher [German]
○ Same type of industrial structure, taken at the same angle in different locations) • Jennifer Karaday (1960s) [American]
○ Veterans reenacting moments that triggered their PTSD.

Light Temperature
• Candlelight =1900K
• Lightbulb = 2800K
• Daylight = 5000K

 Asymmetrical
 Crystallographic
 Radial
○ Emphasis
 Pertains to the formation of a specific region of visual interest in a composition
 Contrast
 Dominance (importance)
○ Scale
 Differences in scale can create the illusion of space and movement
○ Rhythm
 Describes the manner in which our eyes follow the composition
• Composition: Total Arrangement of all the elements in an artwork. ○ Figure-Ground: The differentiation of aspects of space in photography (e.g. foreground or positive space vs. background or negative space)
○ Open vs. Closed Photo: A closed photo encapsulates the full subject whereas an open one creates the illusions that the subject extends beyond the frame.

Light Temperature
• Candlelight =1900K
• Lightbulb = 2800K
• Daylight = 5000K
• Strobe = 6000K
• Skylight = 11000K+

WEEK III
• Histogram: Graph of tonal distribution
• File types
○ Universal
 JPEG
 TIFF
 PDF
○ NOT Universal
 PSD
 DNG
 AVI
 RAW
○ Lossless
 PSD
 TIFF (w/o compression)
 RAW
WEEK V
○ Lossy
• Color cast is the general color hue that most if not all objects radiate. It
 JPEG can contribute to the mood and temperature of the photograph.
 PDF
 TIFF (w/ compression)

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