In the book The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, Rebecca Skloot is searching for the identity of…
In Stanley Milgram’s “The Perils of Obedience,” Stanley Milgram designed an experiment that would involve an experimenter, a teacher, and a learner to determine how far obedience would play a role on willing participants. The purpose of Milgram’s experiment is to see how far a willing participant would go based on orders to continue knowing that the orders would result in another person’s pain. The experiment was set up so that two willing participants went into the experiment understanding that they were taking part in a memory and learning exercise. One of the two willing participants played the role as the…
Who conducted an experiment on the effects of punishment on learning that was, in reality, a classic experiment on obedience?…
“The Perils of Obedience” was an experiment done by Stanley Milgram concentrating on the conflict between obedience to the authority and individual’s self. Milgram created a threatening shock generator with starting level of 30 volts and expanding up to 450 volts. The experiment was set up with having an experimenter, a participant who was the subject, and a confederate pretending to be a volunteer. The teachers were told to ask questions from the learners and every time they gave a wrong answer, an electric shock was given and was increased 15 volt on each wrong answer. As the experiment advanced, the participants heard the learners argue to be discharged and complained about their heart condition.…
Over the past century, the field of Psychology has prospered, giving way to a more in depth knowledge and understanding of people’s social interactions with one another and what drives those connections. 20th century psychologist, Stanley Milgram, executed a series of Obedience to Authority test on random participants. As seen in the YouTube videos online and in class, Milgram’s study found that over 65% of the participants carried out the experiment, despite potentially hurting someone, due to the authority figure urging them to continue.…
Milgram’s findings, as read in the article “If Hitler Asked You to Electrocute a Stranger, Would You?”, apply to the first case of a manager and her fiancé ordering a teenage girl to strip and her following their commands. Milgram’s data suggested that humans are obedient even to the extent of blindly following authority. His findings were demonstrated by his experimental subjects who continued to increase the voltage to electrocute the learner, despite the subject’s moral code conflicting with the idea of…
In 1963, Stanley Milgram, a psychologist at Yale University, conducted a series of social psychology experiments to study the conditions under which the people are obedient to authorities and personal conscience. The purpose of his experiment was to determine whether or not people were particularly obedient to the higher authority who instructed them to perform various acts even if they violate their own morals and ethics. It was one of the most famous studies of obedience in psychology as it has inspired other researchers to explore what makes people question authority and more importantly, what leads them to follow orders. There were several replications of his experiment and the results were identical to those reported by Milgram about how…
The Stanley Milgram experiment takes normal everyday people and gives them orders to do horrible…
He discusses several theorists and how their theories help children learn, and how teachers manage learning more effectively in the classroom. He talks about behaviourism and how children learn from life experiences. ‘Behaviourist claims that we are what we are, not because of innate intelligence or genetic factors, but solely due to our life experiences’. Potter (cited in Jacques et al 2004:63). Skinner, a pioneer in behaviourism, believed that behaviour could be controlled through ‘conditioning’, the act of rewarding desired behaviour (positive reinforcement) and ignoring undesired behaviour (negative reinforcement). Many of Skinner’s theories branch from his animal experiments, whereby he would reward with food and punish when saw unacceptable…
It is clearly shown when the difference in people's malicious behavior when shocking the students in the presence of authority and when given the freedom to choose the level of shock. The thesis of Milgram's essay was that obedience is a deeply ingrained behavior tendency; indeed, a potent impulse overriding reining ethics, sympathy and moral conduct is right on the dot. He also discusses the extreme willingness of man to obey authority at any length. This shows that "ordinary people, simply doing their jobs, and without any particular hostility on their part, can become agents in a terrible destructive process." This is proven by the fact that the majority of people were willing to shock students almost to the assumed point of death when instructed to do so by a…
Respondents were being informed that the experiment would analyze how being punished could have an effect on learning aptitude. Three individuals would be involved in the experiment, one person who would be the “experimenter”, one person who would be the “teacher” and one person who would be the “learner.” The experimenter was in charge of the entire experiment, giving orders to the teacher when they were hesitant to perform their duties, and would continuously remind the teacher that they must continue the trial, even when they began to feel uncomfortable with their part in the experiment. The role of experimenter would be filled by someone who was completely aware of the experiment, and would try their best to keep the experiment going for as long as they could. The teacher was meant to listen and obey the rules of the experimenter and deliver unpleasant stimuli to the learner when ordered to by the experimenter. The learner was supposed to memorize word pairings and then answer questions about these word pairings to the best of…
“All formal educational institutions in modern society were initially established exclusively for the education of children and youth”. (ASTD Pg253) The basic model of learning at that time was pedagogy, which focuses on how to teach children. As pedagogy evolved over time and was further studied by psychologist they discovered that teachers could control learner’s reactions,…
Milgram found that most participants resented verbally but obeyed behaviourally and 65 per cent gave the learner the maximum shock of 450 volts even though the teacher was complaining after only 100 volts. Therefore this research shows that under certain circumstances some people are willing to go against their conscious. Also he found out the fact that people will obey when someone who is a dominance in a social hierarchy as they become liable to lose feelings of empathy and morality.…
Curwin, R. L., & Mendler, A. N. (1997, December). ‘Discipline with dignity’: Beyond obedience. Education Digest, 63(4), 11.…
Albert Bandura was a psychologist who came up with what is known as the “Social Cognitive Theory” (“Albert Bandura,” 2015). He believed that two aspects, imitation and operant conditioning, result in social learning. According to Hannum (2005), “Bandura noted that our behavior is changed when we see a person take a specific action and be rewarded for that action”. This is where both operant conditioning and imitation comes in. Operant conditioning is any learning that is established through the use of punishments/behaviors (Cherry, 2015). In order for imitation to be successful, there are elements such as direct and vicarious reinforcements (Lefrancois, 2012, p. 326-327).…