Definition of economics SCARCITY
Resources:
1.Land
2.Labor
3.Capital
4.Entrepreneur
Basic Economic
Concepts
OPPORTUNITY COST
CHOICE
How To solve? Using these system
What & How Much to Produce
Fundamental
Economic
Problem
How to Produce
For Whom to Produce
Types of Economic Systems:
a) Capitalistic Economy
b) Socialistic/Command
Economy
c) The Mixed Economy
Free Market/ laissez faire
Theory of Demand
Price mechanism Buyers
Sellers
Graphing demand curve
Individual demand curve
Market demand curve
Changes in Dd
Determinants of Demand
Demand
Changes in Qd
Definition of
Demand
Law of Demand
-Influenced by its price
-Movement along Dd curve -2 types of movement:
a) Expansion
b) Contraction
- -ve relationship (P & Qd)
-P Qd
-P Qd
Income Effect
P
Purchasing Power Qd
Substitution Effect
Pcola Ppepsi cheaper Qdcola
-Influenced by other non-price factors
-Shift of Dd curve
-2 types of movement:
a) Rightward
b) Leftward
Other non-price factors:
a) Income:
- Normal Good : Income Dd
- Inferior Good : Income Dd
b) Tastes & Preferences
- Fashion : Taste Dd
c) Price of Related Goods
- Substitute Goods : (Pepsi &cola)
Pcola Qdcla Pppsi cheaper,Ddpepsi
- Complimentary Goods : (car &fuel)
Pcar Qdcar Ddfuel
Theory of Supply
The behavior of a sellers
Definition of
Supply
Law of Supply
- +ve relationship (P & Qs)
-P Qs (ceteris paribus)
-P Qs (ceteris paribus)
Determinants of Supply
-Influenced by its price
-Movement along Ss curve -2 types of movement:
a) Expansion
b) Contraction
Other non-price factors:
a) No. of Sellers:
More seller, Supply (Ss)
b) Technology:
Tech. improve, more productive, Ss
c) Resources prices:
Resources prices , Production cost ,
Ss
d) Sellers’ expectations about future prices
e) Taxes and Subsidies:
Imposed taxes, Production Cost , Ss
Imposed subsidies, Prod. Cost , Ss