Misogyny In Hamlet Analysis

Shakespeare incorporates several different, reoccurring themes throughout his well-known play Hamlet. Misogyny, the hatred of women, is one of these themes. The only two female characters, both of significant importance are mistreated and disrespected by several male characters. Queen Gertrude is mostly under attack from Hamlet and Ophelia is mostly controlled by Polonius. However, Ophelia does receive ill-treatment from her brothers Laertes and Hamlet, as well as her own father, Polonius. All of these men contribute to her weak female character individually and on different levels. They also appear to influence Ophelia's later developed insanity and suicide.

The opening act of the play introduces all important characters, tells much of the plot and projects an important, lasting image of Ophelia. In act 1, scene 3, Laertes is biding farewell to his sister Ophelia and he offers her
advice, or rather gives her orders, disguised as advice. Laertes tells her that she should not love Hamlet or be with him because he is Prince of Denmark. Due to his royal blood and status, Laertes tells Ophelia that Hamlet will not choose who to marry: "Perhaps he loves you now,/And now no soil nor cautel doth besmirch/The virtue of his will, but you must fear,/His greatness weighted, his will is not his own,/For he himself is subject to his birth" (1.3. 14-18). Laertes does not, as Polonius will later do, tell Ophelia that her feelings are false, but rather tells her that she should realize that Hamlet may love her today, but that he will never marry her. Although Laertes might be right in advising Ophelia to be cautious, this advice was unsolicited by Ophelia. Laertes simply assumes that position of power over his sister because of gender. This is the first unequal relationship that Ophelia is a victim of.

Polonius' treatment of his daughter is much harsher and occurs much more frequently then Laertes' throughout the play. The first encounter between this father and daughter comes about right after Laertes departs for France. Polonius walks in, demands to know what Ophelia and Laertes were talking about and when informed, he starts to distribute his own, also unsolicited, orders. Polonius does not only tell Ophelia that she is to end the relationship with Hamlet and no longer speak to him, he also attacks her own emotions. He tells her that her feelings are wrong and imprudent. She is apparently foolish to think that Hamlet actually loves her: OPHELIA: He hath, my lord, of late made many tenders Of his affection to me. POLONIUS: Affection? Pooh! You speak like a green girl, Unsifted in such perilous circumstance. Do you believe his tenders, as you call them? OPHELIA: I do not know, my lord, what I should think. (1.3. 99-104)

Polonius' response to Ophelia's description of her relationship with Hamlet is very hurtful and harsh towards her. Although this does contribute to a belittling image of women by Shakespeare, Ophelia's answer supplies a much more convincing image. In reply to Polonius' comment about Ophelia's mistaken thinking, she says that she does not know what she should think, as though her father, or other men in general, are to be the ones to tell her how she should act and what she should think.

Later in the same act, Polonius orders her to stay away from Hamlet.
She obeys these orders throughout the rest of the play except when Polonius organizes a scheduled and supervised encounter between the two in order to observe the nature of Hamlet's madness. This planned meeting between Hamlet and Ophelia is one that draws severe negative emotions from Ophelia. She ends up getting pushed around by Hamlet and told that he loves her, only to be told otherwise at the same time. After this mad conversation, Ophelia is understandably distraught and troubled. As for Polonius, he is the one to blame for this emotional distress, as he was the one to set up the meeting at the expense of his own daughter's well-being. This says a lot about the degree of control he possesses over his daughter. King Claudius also takes part in this planned encounter and does not decline the idea because of fear it might hurt Ophelia. He goes ahead with Polonius' plan, thinking only of his own gain. This shows that the state of Denmark in general does not show much care towards their
women.

Finally, Hamlet is the third character that unsympathetically treats Ophelia. He may have been in love with her throughout the play, but once he decides to act crazy, he certainly does no forget to affect her. He begins to treat her like garbage, insulting her and playing with her emotions in act 3, scene 1. Although Hamlet's true hatred is actually directed towards his mother, who in turn is projected to all women, he does significantly damage Ophelia's heart.

Hamlet tells Ophelia harsh comments pertaining to her sexuality: "Get thee to a nunnery, farwell. Or if/thou wilt need to marry, marry a fool, for wise men know/well enough what monsters you make of them. To a nun/-nery; go, and quickly too" (3.1. 137-140). Hamlet speaks of all women here, saying they are horrible people, only driven by sex and will cheat on their husbands or become prostitutes. These comments present women in a very dark light, just as the ones addressed to Gertrude in act 3, scene 4 will also do. Shakespeare has therefore not only presented women as weak, controlled characters, but also as sexual objects, who are dishonest and beautiful to persuade the honest, strong men.

Ophelia eventually becomes insane after the death of her father, Hamlet's exile to England and Laertes being in France. Her madness clearly demonstrates her strong dependence on the men in her life. This madness leads to her suicide, as she is not able to cope with the loss of her father. She could not be a more needy and weak female character.

The theme of misogyny is represented in a couple of women and men in the play Hamlet. It is a very good way to describe Ophelia's treatment by others and her own character. First, Laertes tells her that she should not be with the one she loves, then Polonius follows with ordering her away from Hamlet and using and putting her through great emotional distress for this own personal gain, and then finally Hamlet provides his two cents to Ophelia on the nasty nature of women. These three men lead, in some ways, to Ophelia's madness and suicide. She becomes so dependent of their orders and their control over her life that, left alone, she goes crazy and kills herself. This woman, as per the other in the play, is not exactly of strong nature in this classical Shakespearian play.
Work cited:
Shakespeare, William. "Hamlet." The Seagull Reader. Ed. Joseph Kelly. W.W. Norton & Company: New York, 2005. 688-814.