The citric acid cycle begins after the first stage of glycolysis is completed. The two carbon molecules are converted into acetyl CoA compound. Two ATPs are produced per each molecule of glucose by the citric acid cycle. When these compounds are reduced, they are transported by electron carriers to the next stage. The citric acid cycle occurs only when oxygen is present in the mitochondrion after the cell splits during the first phase glycolysis.…
The Citric Acid Cycle starts after the glycolysis cycle produces the acetyl CoA compound. The Coenzyme A is removed and the remaining carbon skeleton is attached to another 4-carbon molecule. The new 6-carbon chain releases carbon dioxide. Two ATP’s are produced during this process for each molecule of glucose. The end result of the citric acid cycle is 4 CO molecules, 6 NADH molecules, 2 ATP molecules and 2 FADH2 molecules. The process is part of the conversion of carbs, fats, and proteins into carbon dioxide and water; which is usable energy.…
Each of the pyruvic acid molecules will be processed in two separate citric acid cycles. Here the three carbon pyruvic acid molecule is processed to produce ATP and Carbon Dioxide molecules. This Cycle uses ATP to specifically break down the pyruvate into Acetyl Co-A. Once this goes through the cycle, limited ATP as well as more NADH are produced. This happens in the mitochondria when sufficient oxygen is present to form the Carbon Dioxide.…
Photosynthesis is a process to which some autotrophs such as plants produce their own food. It has two stages or reactions light-dependent and light-dependent reactions. The light dependent reactions are the first stage, where energy from sunlight is captures in Photosystem 2 and then 1, the electrons generated in Photosystem 1 then moves along the electron transport chain. The moving of electrons causes a hydrogen ion gradient that is used in the final step to produce ATP, by the ATP Synthase. The equation for this reaction is 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6+6O2 or, carbon dioxide +water sugars + oxygen . This reaction takes place on the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast and uses energy from sunlight to produce compounds like ATP and NADPH. The second stage of photosynthesis is the Calvin Cycle, which takes place in the stoma of the chloroplast. This stage is light-independent or it does not need energy from sunlight. During this reaction ATP and NADPH from Stage 1are used to produce high energy sugars. The reaction is 3CO2 + 6NADPH + 5H2O + 9ATP G3P + 2H+ + 6NADP+ + 9ADP + 8Pi . Additionally, the three limiting factors of photosynthesis are the light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and the temperature. Lastly, the items used in this particular experiment were baking soda to provide CO2, a light to excite the electrons in stage 1, distilled…
The Citric Acid Cycle is a series of enzyme-catalysed reactions that take place in the mitochondrial matrix of all aerobic organisms. It involves the oxidation of the acetyl group of acetyl CoA to two molecules of carbon dioxide. Each cycle produces one molecule of ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation, and reduces three molecules of NAD and one molecule of FAD for use in Oxidative Phosphorylation. The cycle is preceded by Glycolysis, which also occurs in anaerobic respiration, and the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which occur in the cytoplasm and the mitochondrial matrix respectively. In aerobic respiration, glycolysis breaks down one molecule of glucose and two molecules of pyruvate, and gives a net product…
Cellular respiration is divided into three different stages. Glycolysis, the first stage of cellular respiration, splits simple carbohydrates such as glucose into two molecules of ATP, two molecules of pyruvic acid, and two electron carried that have high energy that are known as NADH. This part of cellular respiration does not need oxygen, therefore ATP can be created by glycolysis, but it only makes a small amount and this method is not the most efficient method. The next stage in cellular respiration is the Citric Acid Cycle. This stage commences when the two pyruvate acids are converted into acetyl CoA. This pyruvate oxidation will produce 2 NADH and then the acetyl CoA will enter…
The City of Kelsey, “a great place to grow.” M. Kelsey founded the City of Kelsey in 1932. M Kelsey had the vision to preserve the natural resources of the land and maintain a “close-knit” community. This city is like any other city, with businesses, schools, citizens, government, recreation, parks, transportation, and issues-all of which I will discuss within this paper (Apollo Group, Inc, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008 ).…
7. What then occurs to the 6-carbon molecule? It is split into two three carbon molecules.…
When the young Amorite Hammurabi transformed the seemingly minute part of Mesopotamia, he had to do something that no other leader had done before; use writing to persuade and convey power. He first did so in writing essentially using it as a weapon against his stronger neighbors in such a way that would rage war with one another to weaken them all the while making him a stronger more powerful leader. Although Babylon was a rather small city in Mesopotamia, Hammurabi used deceit to build what is known as the Old Babylonian Empire. Hammurabi built his empire in a non-confrontational way through the Code of Hammurabi and the unification of religion under Marduk, the ruler-god.…
This is called decarboxylation, and it is catalysed by decarboxylase enzymes. The carbon dioxide is an excretory product, and it diffuses out of the mitochondrion and out of the cell. Pyruvate is a three-carbon substance, so the removal of carbon dioxide leaves a compound with two carbon atoms. At the same time as the carbon dioxide is Drawing of a mitochondrion to show threedimensional structure inner membrane outer membrane matrix crista ATPase intramembranal space ribosome Electron micrograph of a mitochondrion in longitudinal section (× 55 900)…
• What is the role of the citric acid cycle? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur?…
This cycle also called the “Krebs cycle”, completes the breakdown of glucose all the way to CO2, one of the waste products off cellular respiration. The enzymes for the citric acid cycle are dissolved in the fluid within mitochondria. Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle generate a small amount of ATP directly. They generate much more ATP indirectly, via redox reactions that transfer electrons from fuel molecules to NAD+, forming NADH.…
Glycolysis is where glucose is split into two molecules of 3-carbon sugars. This produces 2ATP, 2 pyruvic acid, and 2 high energy. In The Citric Acid Cycle, Acetyl CoA is created. NAD and FAD are reduced carrying the high energy electrons to the next stage. In the Electron Transport, high energy electrons are passed to oxygen where ATP is then produced.…
The citric acid cycle takes specific compounds that donate protons and electrons to the electron transport chain which then generates ATP through the process of oxidative phosphorylation all of which occurs inside the mitochondria.…
A teacher at a school nearby Bobby Wong said there were police and ambulances and paramedics. It was dark and you could not see what was happening and the whole place was blocked off.…