Mitosis
Mitosis in a Nutshell
• The stages of the cell cycle can be broken down into six stages: o Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Interphase
• Is the "resting" or non-mitotic portion of the cell cycle.
• It is comprised of G1, S, and G2 stages of the cell cycle.
• DNA is replicated during the S phase of Interphase Prophase - the first stage of mitosis.
• The chromosomes condense and become visible
• The centrioles form and move toward opposite ends of the cell ("the poles")
• The nuclear membrane dissolves
• The mitotic spindle forms (from the centrioles in animal cells)
• Spindle fibers from each centriole attach to each sister chromatid at the kinetochore
Compare Prophase to the Prophase I and to the Prophase II stages of mitosis.
Metaphase
• The Centrioles complete their migration to the poles
• The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell ("the equator")
Compare Metaphase to the Metaphase I and to the Metaphase II stages of mitosis. Anaphase
• Spindles attached to kinetochores begin to shorten.
• This exerts a force on the sister chromatids that pulls them apart.
• Spindle fibers continue to shorten, pulling chromatids to opposite poles.
• This ensures that each daughter cell gets identical sets of chromosomes
Compare Anaphase to the Anaphase I and to the Anaphase II stages of mitosis.
Telophase
• The chromosomes decondense
• The nuclear envelope forms
• Cytokinesis reaches completion, creating two daughter cells
Compare Telophase to the Telophase I and to the Telophase II stages of mitosis.
SMOOTH MUSCLE Smooth muscle cells are spindle shaped and uninucleate. (B).
Functions: involuntary movement - i.e. churning of food, movement of urine from the kidney to the bladder, partuition
SKELETAL MUSCLE Skeletal muscle cells run the full length of a muscle. Line A show the width of one cell (fiber). Note the striations characteristics of this muscle type. These cells are
• The stages of the cell cycle can be broken down into six stages: o Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Interphase
• Is the "resting" or non-mitotic portion of the cell cycle.
• It is comprised of G1, S, and G2 stages of the cell cycle.
• DNA is replicated during the S phase of Interphase Prophase - the first stage of mitosis.
• The chromosomes condense and become visible
• The centrioles form and move toward opposite ends of the cell ("the poles")
• The nuclear membrane dissolves
• The mitotic spindle forms (from the centrioles in animal cells)
• Spindle fibers from each centriole attach to each sister chromatid at the kinetochore
Compare Prophase to the Prophase I and to the Prophase II stages of mitosis.
Metaphase
• The Centrioles complete their migration to the poles
• The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell ("the equator")
Compare Metaphase to the Metaphase I and to the Metaphase II stages of mitosis. Anaphase
• Spindles attached to kinetochores begin to shorten.
• This exerts a force on the sister chromatids that pulls them apart.
• Spindle fibers continue to shorten, pulling chromatids to opposite poles.
• This ensures that each daughter cell gets identical sets of chromosomes
Compare Anaphase to the Anaphase I and to the Anaphase II stages of mitosis.
Telophase
• The chromosomes decondense
• The nuclear envelope forms
• Cytokinesis reaches completion, creating two daughter cells
Compare Telophase to the Telophase I and to the Telophase II stages of mitosis.
SMOOTH MUSCLE Smooth muscle cells are spindle shaped and uninucleate. (B).
Functions: involuntary movement - i.e. churning of food, movement of urine from the kidney to the bladder, partuition
SKELETAL MUSCLE Skeletal muscle cells run the full length of a muscle. Line A show the width of one cell (fiber). Note the striations characteristics of this muscle type. These cells are