1. Introduction. There are two main types of climates, hot and cold. In Pakistan we have both. Today we will see hot climate. Hot climate in Pakistan starts from the month of March and prevails till the month of September. In Rahwali hot climate is coupled with moisture and that is because of monsoon.
2. Aim. To teach the phenomenon of monsoon in Pakistan and flying hazards associated with it.
3. Preview
a. Revision.
b. Climate of Pakistan.
c. What is monsoon?
(1) Area of origin of monsoon.
(2) Monsoon path.
(3) Trigger actions and controlling factors.
(4) Time span of monsoon.
d. Flying hazards.
e. Weather of Rahwali during monsoon.
f. Comprehension check.
g. Conclusion.
4. Climate of Pakistan. Pakistan is in the temperate zone and varies greatly in weather conditions. Pakistan has coastal belt in the South. In the north Pakistan has snow covered peaks with Plains, deserts and few mountain ranges in between. Climate of Pakistan observed over last 20 years is as under:-
a. Winter (December – February). In winter temperature may drop to -25 degree Celsius in northern areas and is 3 to 5 degrees Celsius in costal city of Karachi.
b. Spring (March – May). In spring Temperature rises and weather become moderate to hot.
c. Summer/ Monsoon (June – September). During this period hot and humid weather is observed east of Indus river however hot and comparatively less humid weather is observed west of river Indus.
d. Fall Season/ Retreating Monsoon (October – November). When monsoon retreats, temperatures start to fall and fall season sets in.
5. Monsoon. The English word “MONSOON” has been derived from Arabic word موسم (mausam "season or weather"). The Arabic-origin word موسم (mausam) is also the word for "weather" in Urdu.
a. Dictionary Meaning
(1) Encarta. Monsoon is defined as a major wind system that seasonally reverses its direction, accompanied by seasonal changes in precipitation.
(2) Word web. Rainy season in southern Asia when the