volcano had steady sloping sides. The type of lava also influences the hazard, if the…
Let’s begin with Mount St. Helens which is located in the pacific northwest of the United States. To be more specific it is located in Washington State and is a part of the Cascade mountain range that spans from California to Canada. It is a composite volcano, which has steep sides that are formed by alternating layers of lava flow, and pyroclastic material made up of ash and other debris. These types of volcanoes have a tendency to have very explosive eruptions and pose a great many problems for people and animals nearby1. This is in contrast to the volcanoes found in Hawaii which have slow flowing lava eruptions and few if any massive explosions. Mount St. Helens is formed by a subduction zone where the Juan de Fuca Plate plunges beneath the North American Plate causing the uplifting of the Cascade Mountains. The last eruption took place on May 18, 1980 and had such a force that was compared to 500 Hiroshima atomic bombs going off at once2. Once the explosion went off, it lead to a blast that generated a 2.8km3 mud flow that moved 22 miles at a speed of 157 miles per hour. Many studies have been done that show there is a large rotating block under it which causes friction that was likely the cause of the eruption2. When Mount St. Helens exploded when a 5.1 magnitude earthquake went off one mile below the volcano causing the bulge that had been building for months after the collapse of the summit, to suddenly collapse on the north flank. The mudflow and lava that would follow would kill many animals and 57 people. They do not know when it will erupt…
A volcano is an earth hazard that occurs on faults between tectonic plates on a destructive boundary and an eruption is a natural disaster. A primary impact happens immediately after the disaster and before any response like death or collapsing or destruction of buildings. A secondary impact occurs later after the disaster, such less farm produce or a reduction in tourism. The severity of these impacts will differ considerably in a MEDC and LEDC where volcanic eruptions have taken place. These may be seen in the Mount St. Helen volcano eruption as well as in the Iceland volcanic eruption. They may also show that the impacts vary from volcano to volcano, place to place.…
Beginning in the year 62 CE, violent earthquakes rocked the region, warning of volcanic activity. The eruption, beginning that fateful August morning, lasted over 24 hours. The eruption was the first one ever recorded in history. An explosion came from the mountain and fine ash fell on the…
(2012). Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards. In Essentials of Geology (11th ed., p. 104, 105). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.…
Covering over 85% of Hawaii, Mauna Loa meaning long mountain, is the earth's largest volcano. Located on the main island of Hawaii, Mauna Loa pushes 12 million cubic meters of lava into Hawaii each day. It rises over 4 km above sea level. But, below the sea, it drops another 5km to the sea floor which is then indented another 8km under the weight of this giant land form. This means the total height of this volcano is a whooping 17km high from the base of the volcano to the crest. It is amid the earth's most currently active volcanos with its most recent eruption in 1984 being both extremely beautiful and destructive. It has been documented erupting 33 times between 1843 and 1984 at 5-6 year intervals and scientists currently expect an eruption…
A volcanic or seismic hazard can have an effect on all people from differing economic backgrounds and the extent of the disaster if often directly linked to the magnitude of the earthquake or the areal extent of the volcanic eruption. This is therefore a result of the occurrence of type of plate boundary. A volcanic eruption produced at a destructive plate boundaries is likely to be much more devastating than at a constructive. This occurs because the volcano is usually composite and therefore expresses rhyolitic lava with low silica content and therefore erupts unpredictably and with great force. At this plate boundary, a denser plate (e.g. oceanic or and older plate) subducts a less dense plate (continental or newer) and this plate descends into the asthenosphere. The plate melts at the Benioff zone due to increased temperatures and pressures and stress is…
El Greco was a painter, sculptor, and an architect. When in Spain he was the first great genius of his Spanish school. El Greco's real name is not the one you see on all of the paintings his real name is Domenikos Theotocopoulos. El Greco was born in 1541 and died in 1614. None know of his childhood. In 1566 he became a master painter and moved or traveled to Venice. Later in 1570 he traveled to Rome to meet Giulio Clovio a miniaturist. Very few of his pieces survived the years. One of the surviving pieces is The Purification of The Temple which is now located in the Minneapolis Institute of Arts and in NG, Washington. In 1577 he arrived at Toledo and remained there until death. Two of his most popular painting is El Espolio and The burial of Count Orgaz. (http://www.arthistory.cc/auth/greco/)…
As www.marinebio.net states, Wailea-Makena, Hawaii, East Maui County was caused by a hotspot or an extra hot plume of molten rock. This happens when heat rises as a thermal cloud from inside of the Earth. Heat and pressure at the bottom of the tectonic plate forces magma to form which then rises through cracks and erupts to form volcanoes. As volcanoes move away from a hotspot, they start to erode and become inactive. Maui is the third oldest volcano of the main Hawaiian islands and could still erupt one more time. Haleakalā or the East Maui Volcano is also a shield volcano or a broad, domed volcano with sloping sides. It forms more than 75% of the Hawaiian Island of Maui and has an alert level of “normal.” The last time Maui erupted was in the 17th century, but even so, the soil is still very fertile from it’s past eruptions. Thanks to this fertile soil, crops such as coffee, macadamia, papaya, tropical flowers, sugar and fresh pineapple grow here.…
Overview To all the residents in the village of Boomsdale, recently Dr. Bigbrain with the United States Geological Survey (USGS) has detected small earthquakes coming from Mt. Thunder. For those of you that do not yet know, Mt. Thunder is an active stratovolcano and these earthquakes could be related to an impending volcanic eruption. There are three types of volcanos which include: shield volcanos, scoria cone volcanos, and stratovolcanoes. Unfortunately, stratovolcanoes are the most dangerous, explosive, and deadly volcanoes. The reason for stratovolcano’s explosive tendency is because of the type of magma contained in the volcano’s magma chamber located underground beneath Mt. Thunder.…
The most recent eruptive period was in the 1980’s. Due to USGS (United States Geological Survey) geologists observations of a large bulge measuring 140m on the north face of the volcano. Using modern laser and radar technology they were able to track the movements of this bulge in order to predict when the volcano was in danger of erupting from a an observation tower 6 miles away. With this data collected the authorities were convinced to shut off the volcano to the local populations who make use of the volcano’s fertile soil for a large logging business and many recreational users who walk dogs or come to enjoy the views. As will be shown later, the shutting of the volcano saved many local thousands of tourists, workers and locals lives alone.…
Since Mauna Loa is part of Hawaii, it is formed by a hot spot (“Hawaii: Geology”, n.d.). The Pacific Plate, known as a hot spot, is present in Kilauea, Loihi seamount, and Mauna Loa. The plate enabled the formation of Mauna Loa, thus produces consecutive eruptions. Although eruptions can be hazardous, the ones in Hawaii are considerably not destructive (“Hawaii: Geology”, n.d.). Mauna Loa and the near Kiluaea (“Hawaii: Geology”, n.d.) are the only relatively active volcanoes in Hawaii. One of the first eruptions of Mauna Loa occurred about 700,000 to 1,000,000 years ago (“Mauna Loa Earth’s”, n.d.). It is estimated every six years the Mauna Loa erupts lava flows (“Frequently Asked”, n.d.) An initial documented account of an eruption was in 1780 (“Eruption History”, n.d.). The volcano has reportedly erupted thirty-three times since 1843, making it one of the most active volcanoes on the…
When focused on the history of Mount Kilauea ’s eruptions, it is found that eruptions are either found on the summit or along the East and Southwest rifts that are found on the volcano. The recent eruptions that Kilauea has had have been very continuous and many of the lava flows…
Have you ever heard of Mauna Loa? Rising gradually to more than 4 km above sea level, Mauna Loa is the largest volcano on our planet. Its long submarine flanks descend to the sea floor an additional 5 km, and the sea floor in turn is depressed by Mauna Loa's great mass another 8 km. This makes the volcano's summit about 17 km (56,000 ft) above its base! The enormous volcano covers half of the Island of Hawaii and by itself amounts to about 85 percent of all the other Hawaiian Islands combined. Now let's get to finding out about lava.…
The area of the shield volcanos approximately covers 35.02 sq. miles or approximately 90.69 sq. kilometers. The reason this geological activity occurs is because the African and Aegean plates collide and the African plate subducts under the Aegean Plate (“Santorini, Greece”). This creates the Ionian trench and the volcanoes of Cyclades and one of them is Santorini (“Santorini, Greece”). Santorini had one of its’ largest eruptions around 1645 BC (“The Minoan Eruption,” 2004). It’s actually believed that this eruption may be the story behind the legend of the Lost City of Atlantis (Whipps, 2008). As scientists piece together the evidence of past eruptions, they have found that products such as lava and ash have been produced by this volcano. Other eruptive products include basalt, rhyolite, amphiboles (Friedrich et. al 1998). Although many people visit the area of Santorini, they are always at risk because it is still an active volcano, but all that really remains today is a “water-filled caldera” (Friedrich et. al 1998). The last time Santorini erupted was in 1950 (“How Volcanoes Work,”…