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Responses to communism How did Australia respond to the threat of communism after World War II (Syllabus Question) Australias response to the threat of communism in Asia after WWII included Korean War ANZUS Treaty (1951) SEATO Alliance (1954) Australias response to the threat of communism within Australia included Referendum to ban Communist Party Petrov Affair The background to communism after 1945 After WWII, a new conflict arose called the Cold War Cold War A contest between the democratic, capitalist nations of the West, led by the USA , and the communist countries in the East, lead by the Soviet Union. Communism State ownership of all enterprises a centrally controlled economic system that would provide equally for everyone, and a one-party (communist) state. Non-communists Private ownership, allowing the free forces of the market to run the economy and giving the people a democratic choice of government. The cold war Had a policy of trying to dominate certain parts of the world Used spies, economic pressure and propaganda against each other Steadily built up all types of weapons Took each other on by threatening armed conflict but always pilling back from the brink. Supported proxy wars around the world (helped smaller nations or groups who were fighting nations or groups sympathetic to or receiving aid from the other side). Western capitalist nations feared communist spread and hence Americans sought policy of containment (prevent further spread of communism). Eastern communist nations believed the capitalist West were trying to destroy communism. The spread of communism 1945 Onward There was a great fear in the West that communism had become an unstoppable force that might take over all capitalist countries. There were many attempts by communists to seize power in many parts of the world, e.g. Latvia, Estonia, Lithuanian, Eastern Europe (except Yugoslavia), East Germany, China, South Korea and French Indochina. As communism was spreading all over the