Mujadid Alif Th

aniPAKISTAN STUDIES
TOPIC: MUJADDAD ALIF SANI
Submitted to: ASIF AYUB
Submitted By: AMIR HUSSAIN (BESE 17-A)
Nov 4, 2011.
ASSIGMENT #1

Outlines: * Introduction. * Education. * Social Conditions Of India. * Cancellation of the system of prayers. * Disgrase of Month of Ramazan. * Bann on Pilgrimage * Services Of Mujaddid Alf Sani. * Purifying Un-Islamic Tendencies from Muslim society.

* Mujaddad’s Letters. * Imprisoned of Mujaddid Alif Sani. * Two-Nation concept. * Wahdat-al-Wujud. * Influence of Mujaddad in India. * Witness of revivals

* Refrences
Introduction

The great reformers Sheikh Ahmad Sarhindi al-Farooqi an-Naqshbandi was born in Sarhind on June 26, 1564. He belonged to a devout Muslim family.Sheikh Ahmad received his basic education at home. His initial instructions in the Holy Quran, Hadith and theology were rendered in Sarhind and Sialkot. Later, he devoted most of his time to the study of Hadith, Tafseer and philosophy.
During this period the Muslims in India had become so deficient in the knowledge of true Islam that they had more belief in Karamat or miracles of the saints than Islamic teachings. The Ulema and theologians of the time had ceased to refer to the Quran and Hadith in their commentaries, and considered jurisprudence the only religious knowledge. Akbar, the Mughal king had started a series of experiments with Islam, propagating his own religion Din-i-Ilahi, an amalgamation of Hindu and Muslim beliefs. In these circumstances, Sheikh Ahmad set upon himself the task of purifying the Muslim society.He was highly critical of the philosophy of Wahdat-ul Wujud, against which he gave his philosophy of Wahdat-ush-Shuhud.
He entered into correspondence with Muslim scholars and clerics and laid stress on following the true contours of Islam. To him, mysticism without Shariah was misleading. He stressed the importance of Namaz and fasting. Through preaching, discussions and his maktubat addressed to important nobles and leaders of religious thought, he spread his message amongst the elite in particular. As he and his followers also worked in the imperial camp and army, he was soon noticed by Jehangir. Jehangir, unlike his father, was a more orthodox Muslim. He was imprisoned at Gwalior Fort for two years until the Emperor realized his mistake. Jehangir then not only released Sheikh Ahmad, but also recalled him to Agra.
Sheikh Ahmad's greatest contribution was undoubtedly the task of countering unorthodox Sufism and mystic beliefs.He wrote many books, including his famous works, Isbat-ul-Nabat and Risal-i-Nabuwat. His greatest work on Islamic philosophy was the Tauheed-i-Shuhudi. Sheikh Ahmad continued preaching Islam till the end of his days. He urged people to adhere to the accepted and clearly laid down path of Islam. He passed away in 1624. * Education Sheikh Ahmad’s father Sheikh Abdul Ahad was a well-known sufi of his times. Sheikh Ahmad received his basic education at home. His initial instructions in the Holy Quran, Hadith and theology were rendered in Sarhind and Sialkot. Later, he devoted most of his time to the study of Hadith, Tafseer and philosophy. He worked for some time in Lahore as well. But the greater part of his life was spent in Sarhind, where he was to become the champion of Islamic values. He visited Delhi in 1599 and went to see Khwaja Baqi Billah, who asked him to spend a few days in his hospice. Within two days Ahmad requested the khwaja to take him into discipleship. After having initiated Shaikh Ahmad into various stages of spiritual development under the Naqshbandi order, the khwaja wrote: "Shaikh Ahmad is … rich in knowledge and vigorous in action. I associated with him for a few days, and noticed truly marvelous things in his spiritual life. He will turn into a light which will illuminate the world." * Social condition of India
In the beginning of the reform movement Muslim society ridden with un-Islamic practices and trends.Under the hindu ,a firm and widespread bleif in karamat had developed in the societywith greatly misguided the innocent people. In sufiism many means of developing magical and supernatural power, alien to Islam , had been developed . the mystics and Sufis of those openly denied the authenticity of sharia by declaring by declaring sharia as superficial and external. They even proudly manifested their indifference towards the sunnah or examples of Holly Profit (Peace Be these trends the Religious spirit excessively diminished and gave rise to the juristic view of Islam.
During the Days Akbar ruled the sub-continental whose anti Islamic outlook had aggravated the social environes. Akbar had no learnings towards Islmic principles and tents. He promoted Hinduism by marrying aHindu ladies and by allowing free access to the rajputs and Hindus in his court. He also appointed Hindu Rajpots on heigher civil and military position s. The introduction of Din-i-llahi by Akbar was a grave attempt to distort pertaining to the religious matters which were to be considered as authentic and final.The ipact of Din-i-llahi greatly affected the muslim bleifs and trends. It split the muslim society into several factions and promoted heretic attitudes and practicies. * Cancellation the system of Prayers
Akbar cancelled to offer prayer five times in a day and started the worshiping of the Sun. The mosques and tombs were made the rest houses of Hindus. But some Mosques were made stables of the horses. Instead saying prayer in Mosques, they were indecent and obscenity deeds were done. * Disgrace the Month of Ramzan
Akbar banned to observe fast. He called it the month of hunger and thirst. He ordered his courtiers to eat and drink or at least to keep betel-leaf in their mouths before him. The observer of fast was insulted in the bazars. Publically, the persons who ate or drank were encouraged. * Ban on Pilgrimage. Jahangir stated that Akbar banned hajj. Mulla Abdullah sultan Puri Makhdoom Al Malik did not only give the judicial degree to eliminate it on the account of miseries and hardships of roads during Hajj period but also declared it a sin. He also introduced other deformities. There was complete ban on slaughter of cow. Pigs and dogs were declared holy and they were to be considered to worship. The king visited them daily. To drink alcohol was made lawful. Bathing after sexual intercourse was banned. Gambling and usury were made lawful. Prostitute’s houses were built to encourage prostitution and they got regular patronage of government. Marriages with close relatives such as uncle’s daughter’s etc. were declared unlawful. This indicates that is clear deviation from the basic Islamic principles. They also tried to abolish Islamic values. These conditions were not bearable for a true believer of Islam

* Services Of Mujaddid

* Purifying un-Islamic Tendencies Mujaddid under took the Job of Purifying the muslim society of un-islamic tendencies by sending a no of his deciples in all directions to preach the true-Islam.He asked them to emphesise on Ittibat-i-Sunnah and the commandent on the sharia in their sermons and preachings.
He urged muslims to live their life according to the principles of Islam.He stressed on muslims to revert to the purer Islam by gining up heretical customs and practices . According to Simon Digby, "modern hagiographical literature emphasizes Sirhindi's reiterated profession of strict Islamic orthodoxy, his exaltation of the sharia and exhortations towards its observance.” I the time of Jhangir Mujaddid was successful to a greater extent to exitract a solemn undertaking from the muslims that they would not obey any orders repugnant to Islam. * Mujaddids Letters
Mujaddid adopted an effectivemethod of pursuation by writting letter to the leading nobles of the royal court. Most famous of his work are 536 letters, collectively entitled Collected Letters or Maktubat, to the Mughal rulers and other contemporaries. It consists of three volumes. A number of the books written by Ahmad Sirhindi were reprinted in Karachi. Of those books, Ithbât-un-nubuwwa was reproduced by offset process in Istanbul in 1974. The marginal notes on the book, which is in Arabic, provide a biography of Ahmad Sirhindi.This Holly Book Translate Bangle language by Hazrat Shah Mohammad Muti Ahamed Aftabi Dinajpuri(R.).
The Language of k\letters were which would move mountains ,to leading nobelsof the state, bemoaning the sad state in which Islam had fallen in India * Imprison of Mujaddidalif sani.

Mujaddid also dealt with matters other then Religious rivials in his letters .This policy drew him into lot of difficulties .And he was alerted many time.
In Gawalyar when he refused to prostrate by saying that he will not perform the sajdda before a human being .He declred that the sajda was only due to Almighty God. SO Jhangir imprisoned him in fort of gawalyar.

* Two Nation theory

Mujaddid was a stunch advocate of the separateness of muslims and desired to maintain the distinct image of musslim Nationalism. He laid great emphasis on the separate identity of the Muslims and adopted a very sterm attitude against the Hindus .
Sheikh Ahmad Firmly bleived in Two nation theory .He was in favour of maintainig the differences between Hindus and Muslims. HE wanted Jizya to be re-imposed on Hindus and demanded the destruction of Hindu temples.

* Wahdat-ul-Wajud Sirhindi strongly opposed the mystical doctrine known as wahdat-ul-wajud or tawhid-i-wajudi, a concept which emphasizes that in reality all things exist within God. Nonetheless, he did not hold a particularly unfavorable view of the sufi mystic and theoretician Muhyi-l-Din ibn Arabi, who is often presented as the originator and most complete propounder of this philosophy.
In refuting the monistic position of wahdat-ul-wajud, he instead advanced the notion of wahdat-ash-shuhud (oneness of appearance). According to this doctrine, the experience of unity between God and creation is purely subjective and occurs only in the mind of the Sufi who has reached the state of fana fi Allah (to forget about everything except Almighty Allahu taala).

* Influence in india

Mujaddid Alf Sani changed the history with his unique strength, faithful courage and stability. Islam got new life in subcontinent on the account of his great efforts. This thing is clear as the Sun that only Ahmed Sirhindi’s (R.A) personality fulfills the criteria of Mujadid according to the Hadis of revival of Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H.).This is the reason; the Muslim nation gave him the title of Mujadid Alif Sani. He performed the revival work for next thousand of years. Hazrat Allama Iqbal (R.A) wrote an ode to glorify his personality. * Witnesses of Revival

In this matter, many religious scholars and saints gave witnesses of Mujaddid for Hazrat Mujadid Alif Sani (R.A), we mention other witnesses of revivalist.
1. The people were rectified by his personality.
2. He refreshed the basic Islamic principles.
3. He corrected the immature religious scholars and imperfect saints.
4. He guided the Muslims by pointing wicked faith and bidats.
5. He rectified rational science, and the person who considered religion dependent reason and made then to follow of Islamic laws.
6. He corrected the king of the time, lords and courtiers.
After detailed study of the holy character of Hazrat Mujadid Alif Sani (R.A), we come to know that he performed the work of revival in all Islamic religion especially faiths, affairs, manners etc. He proves himself on Hadis as a revivalist. So he was sent as a complete Mujaddid for next thousand year of period. * Refrences 1. The person csat manual<<2011<<page 88; 2. M Ikram Rabbani (Pak Studies); 3. Tasar -al- Amar volume Number 2, page Number 217,(bann of haj). 4. Sufism and Shari'ah: A study of Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi's effort to reform Sufism, Muhammad Abdul Haq Ansari, The Islamic Foundation, 1997, p. 11. 5. Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, Routledge, 2006, p. 6. Indian Muslims and partition of India By S.M. Ikram page,6. 7. The Sufi saints of the Indian subcontinent by Zahurul Hassan Sharib, page 184.