Muscle Metabolism
1.1 Glutamine: muscle metabolism
Skeletal muscle is the major tissue responsible for glutamine synthesis in the body [9,10]. In this context, glutamine anabolic effects in the skeletal muscle not only preserve lean mass, but also maintain plasma glutamine concentration in the body. Glutamine provides energy substrate to cells with a high turnover, nucleic acid precursors to cells of the immune system and is involved in the maintenance of acid-base balance [9, 11, 12].
The key enzymes in the metabolism of glutamine, glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutaminase (GA) are regulated by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Only the GS is responsible for de novo synthesis of glutamine, and its expression is mainly regulated by hormones
Skeletal muscle is the major tissue responsible for glutamine synthesis in the body [9,10]. In this context, glutamine anabolic effects in the skeletal muscle not only preserve lean mass, but also maintain plasma glutamine concentration in the body. Glutamine provides energy substrate to cells with a high turnover, nucleic acid precursors to cells of the immune system and is involved in the maintenance of acid-base balance [9, 11, 12].
The key enzymes in the metabolism of glutamine, glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutaminase (GA) are regulated by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Only the GS is responsible for de novo synthesis of glutamine, and its expression is mainly regulated by hormones