Music: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Mozart.

South German-Austrian family of musicians. (1) (Johann Georg) Leopold Mozart (2) Maria Anna (Walburga Ignatia) Mozart [‘Nannerl’] (3) (Johann Chrysostom) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (4) (Maria) Constanze [Constantia] (Caecilia Josepha Johanna Aloisia) Mozart [née Weber; later Nissen] (5) Carl Thomas Mozart (6) Franz Xaver Wolfgang [‘Wolfgang Amadeus’] Mozart Family: Four Lives in a Social Context (Oxford, 1998) Mozart

(3) (Johann Chrysostom) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

(b Salzburg, 27 Jan 1756; d Vienna, 5 Dec 1791). Austrian composer, son of (1) Leopold Mozart. His style essentially represents a synthesis of many different elements, which coalesced in his Viennese years, from 1781 on, into an idiom now regarded as a peak of Viennese Classicism. The mature music, distinguished by its melodic beauty, its formal elegance and its richness of harmony and texture, is deeply coloured by Italian opera though also rooted in Austrian and south German instrumental traditions. Unlike Haydn, his senior by 24 years, and Beethoven, his junior by 15, he excelled in every medium current in his time. He may thus be regarded as the most universal composer in the history of Western music. 1. Ancestry and early childhood. 2. Travels, 1763–73. 3. Salzburg, 1773–80. 4. The break with Salzburg and the early Viennese years, 1780–83. 5. Vienna, 1784–8. 6. The final years. 7. Early works. 8. Works, 1772–81. 9. Works, 1781–8. 10. Works, 1789–91. 11. Aftermath: reception and scholarship. WORKS BIBLIOGRAPHY Mozart: (3) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

1. Ancestry and early childhood.

Mozart was baptized on the day after his birth at St Rupert 's Cathedral as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus. The first two names record that 27 January was the feast day of St John Chrysostom, while Wolfgangus was the name of his maternal

Bibliography: S. Dudley: ‘Les premières versions françaises du Mariage de Figaro de Mozart’, RdM, lxix (1983), 55–83 G B. Hiltner: La clemenza di Tito von Wolfgang Amadé Mozart im Spiegel der musikalischen Fachpresse zwischen 1800 und 1850 (Frankfurt, 1994) H F. Senici: La clemenza di Tito di Mozart: i primi trent’anni (1791–1821) (Turnhout, 1997) Mozart (4) (Maria) Constanze [Constantia] (Caecilia Josepha Johanna Aloisia) Mozart [née Weber; later Nissen] (b Zell, Wiesental, 5 Jan 1762; d Salzburg, 6 March 1842) A. Schurig, ed.: Konstanze Mozart: Briefe, Aufzeichnungen, Dokumente 1782–1842 (Dresden, 1922) R R. Schaal: ‘Zwei unveröffentlichte Dokumente von Constanze Nissen’, Acta mozartiana, xiii (1966), 89–90 J.H U. Mauthe: ‘Ein unbekannter Brief Constanze Mozarts’, MISM, xxxi (1983), 57–60 M H. Gärtner: Mozarts Requiem und die Geschäfte der Constanze M. (Munich, 1986; Eng. trans., 1991, as Constanze Mozart: After the Requiem) R R. Angermüller: ‘Ein ungedruckter Brief Constanze Mozarts an ihren Schwiegervater Leopold’, MISM, xxxix (1991), 45–6 V W. Stafford: Mozart’s Death: a Corrective Survey of the Legends (London, 1991) W WORKS for further details, see Hummel (1956), 314ff; printed works published in Vienna unless otherwise stated |facs. see Hummel (1956), 322 [for insertion in W.A. Mozart: Der Schauspieldirektor]; Der erste Frühlingstag (cant.), 4 | |solo vv, chorus, op.28 (1827); Festchor (cant.), solo vv, chorus, op.30 (1842) [for unveiling of Mozart memorial in | |Salzburg]; Lied für die heilige Christnacht, 2S, org, private collection, Vienna, ed O. Biba (Altötting, 1991) | |Choral without orch: Die Nacht (J.P |Frühlingsgöttin nahet), 3vv, pf, op.29 (Dresden, n.d.); Von der Hoheit lichtem Glanz umflossen, 4 solo vv, 1828, A-Sm*; | |Pour des morts, Sm* [15 nos |Lieder with pf: Romanze (In der Väter Hallen ruht) (F.L. Stolberg), op.12 (1808) [for (4) Constanze]; Arietta (In questa | |tomba oscura) (1808); 8 deutsche Lieder (1810); 6 Lieder, op.21 (Hamburg, 1820); An Emma (Weit in nebelgrauer Ferne) (F |von Schiller), op.24 (Hamburg, 1820); 3 deutsche Lieder, op.27 (1820); Vaudevilles, A-Sm* [16 sketches for Fr. songs]; | |Erinnerung (Byron), Wst; Ständchen, Wgm (inc.) | |2 untitled duets, A-Wgm; for other works cited in auction catalogues see Hummel (1956), 319 | instrumental |Orch: 12 Minuets and Trios (1808); 2 pf concs., C, op.14 (Leipzig, 1809), ed. R. Angermüller (Salzburg, 1972; Trent, | |2000), E[pic], op.25 (Leipzig, 1818); Konzertvariationen, pf, orch (Graz, 1820); Sinfonia, D, A-Sm* (2 movts) | |Chbr: Pf Qt, op.1 (1805), ed. in Diletto musicale, no.180 (Vienna, 1966); 6 piccoli pezzi, fl, 2 hn, op.11 (1808), ed. in | |Diletto musicale, no.1165 (Vienna, 1991); 2 vn sonatas, B[pic], op.7 (1808), F, op.15 (Leipzig, 1813), both ed |(Winterthur, 1996); Grande sonate, E, vn/vc, pf, op.19 (Leipzig, 1820), ed. W. Boettcher for vc (Mainz, 1969); Rondo | |(Sonate), fl, pf, A-Sm*, ed |Variations, pf: on minuet from W.A. Mozart: Don Giovanni (1805); on Russ. theme (1809); on theme, G, op.13 (1810); on | |March from Coriolan, op.16 (Leipzig, 1813); Air russe variée, op.18 (Milan, 1820); on Romance by E.-N |(Leipzig, 1820), ed. J. Draheim (Wiesbaden, 1991); Veränderungen über einen Walzer (1824); on March from W. Müller: Aline | |(before 1828); Variations sur un thème favorit (n.d.); 2 other sets (n.d.) | |Other pf: Rondo, F, 1802, A-Sm*; Sonata, op.10 (Offenbach, 1808); 12 polonaises, 6 as op.17 (Leipzig, c1815), ed. J. | |Draheim (Heidelberg, 1980), 4 as op.22 (Leipzig, 1820/R), 2 as op.26 (Padua, after 1820); Allegretto, 9 Aug 1841, Sm* | |(facs. of autograph); Adagio, Sm* | |For details of other works in autograph, A-Sm, and in auction catalogues see Hummel (1956), 318–19 |