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ARTICLE IN PRESS
Microbiological Research 161 (2006) 93—101

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Changes in microbial and soil properties following amendment with treated and untreated olive mill wastewater
Ali Mekki, Abdelhafidh Dhouib, Sami SayadiÃ
Laboratoire des Bioprocedes,Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, BP: ‘‘K’’ 3038 Sfax, Tunisie ´ ´ Received 8 June 2005; accepted 15 June 2005

KEYWORDS Microbial community; Olive mill wastewater; Polyphenols; Soil respiration

Summary
We investigated the effect of untreated and biologically treated olive mill wastewater (OMW) spreading on the soil characteristics and the microbial communities. The water holding capacity, the salinity and the content of total organic carbon, humus, total nitrogen, phosphate and potassium increased when the spread amounts of the treated or untreated OMW increased. The OMW treated soil exhibited significantly higher respiration compared to the control soil. However, the C-CO2/Ctot ratio decreased from 1.7 in the control soil to 0.5 in the soil amended with 100 m3 haÀ1 of untreated OMW. However, it slightly decreased to 1.15 in the soil amended with 400 m3 haÀ1 of treated OMW. The treated OMW increased the total mesophylic number while the number of fungi and nitrifiers decreased. Actinomycetes and spore-forming bacteria were neither sensitive to treated nor to untreated OMW. The total coliforms increased with higher doses of treated and untreated OMW. A toxic effect of the untreated OMW appeared from 100 m3 haÀ1. This toxicity was more significant with 200 m3 haÀ1, where microflora of total mesophilic, yeasts and moulds, actinomycetes, and nitrifiers were seriously inhibited except for total coliforms and spore-forming bacteria. & 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Introduction
The olive mill wastewater (OMW) is a critical problem, especially in the Mediterranean area, where the olive cultivation is widespread and huge amounts of this effluent 30 millions m3 yÀ1 worldÃCorresponding

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