Nanorobot Lab
NANOROBOTS
REPLACEMENT OF HEART BYEPASS SURGERY
BY NANOROBOTS
CONTEXT
Abstract
Introduction
Properties of the Nanorobots
Introduction of Nanorobots in to the body
Movement of Nanorobots
Driving of nanorobot to the site of plaque
Treatment of the plaque
Source of power for the nanorobot
Means of recovery from the body
Incase of any emergency
Assumptions
Conclusion
Abstract: This paper proposes the use of nanorobot based on the nanotechnology that will be used for replacing the exiting heart surgery that involves so many risks to the patient. However no matter how highly trained the specialists may be, surgery can still be dangerous.so nanorobot …show more content…
is not only the safe but also fast and better technique to remove the plaque deposited on the internal walls of arteries. This is also an efficient method to remove heart plaques without any surgical procedure involve nanorobot will typically be .5 to 3 microns large with 1-100 nm parts working in coordination with each other to accompolished the whole task for removing the hard calcified plaque.
Introduction: The heart byepass surgery reroutes the blood supply around clogged arteries to improve blood flow and oxygen to the heart. The arteries that brings blood to the heart muscle (coronary arteries) become clogged by plaque (a build up of fat, cholesterol and other substances). This can slow or stop blood flow through the heart’s blood vessels, leading to chest pain or heart attack. Increasing blood flow to the heart muscle can relieve chest pain or a heart attack.so the surgeons go for this surgery by taking segment of healthy blood vessel from another part of the body usually from leg and make detour around the blocked part of the coronary artery. The surgery involves an incision in the middle of the chest and separation of the breast bone and after detouring, the breast bone is joined using wire and the incision is sewed. The entire surgery can take 4-6 hours. After the surgery, the patient is taken to the intensive care unit for a few days after the surgery, the patient is connected to monitors and tubes. After release from the hospital, the patient may experience side effects such as
Loss of appetite, constipation
Swelling in the area from which the segment of blood vessel was removed
Fatigue, mood swings, feelings of depression, difficulty sleeping
Muscle pain or tightness in the shoulders and in upper back The incision in the chest or graft side (if the graft was from the leg or arm) can be itchy, sore, numb or bruised. The surgery may also lead to loss of memory and mental clarity. To overcome all these problems that are involved in the byepass surgery, we are going for nanorobot, which can replace this technique efficiently and effectively. This nanorobot will remove the clot without any surgi cal process. Just asmall incision is made in to the femoral artery to insert this nanorobot, from where it is moved to the site of theplaque by the use of its nano components that are attached to it. Properties of this nanorobot The nanorobots structure will have two spaces that will consists of an interior and an exterior. The exterior of the will be subjected to various chemical liquids in our bodies . The interior of the nanorobos will be closed, vaccum environment into which the liquids from the outside cannot enter. A nanorobot will prevent itself, from being attacked by the immune system by having a passive diamond exterior .The diamond exterior will have to be smooth and flawless to prevent leukocytes activities since the exterior is chemically inert and have low bioactivity. An electric motor is attached to this nanorobot for its propation in to the circulatory system in the blood vessels. The microprocessor control the overall operation of this nanorobot. The radioactive material is impregnated and is made as the part of exterior surface, which helps us to trace the nanorobot at any period of time. The magnetic switch is also provided to on & off the nanorobot at any point of time.
Introduction of nanorobot in to the body: This nanorobot gets into the body through large diameter artery, so that it may be without being too destructive in the first place. This artery should be traversed easily to gain access to most areas of the body in minimal time. The obvious candidate is the femoral artery in the leg This is in fact the normal access point to the circulatory system for operations that require access to the blood stream for catheters, dye injections, etc. so it will suit our purposes nicely Movement of nanorobot in to the body: We will use the circulatory system to allow our device to move about. But to get access to the site of operation of the nanorobot, it must have active operation of the nanorobot, it must have active propeller. For that purpose we will be using an electric motor which will be having shrouded blade design so as to avoid damage to the surrounding tissues (and to the propellers) during the inevitable collisions. Driving of nanorobot to the site of plaque: Long range sensors will be used to navigate to the site of the plaque closely enough, so that the use of short range sensors is practical These would be used during actual operations , to allow the device to distinguish between healthy and unwanted tissue.
Long range sensor: Radioactive dye.
Short range sensor: Arterial thermometer.
Device for monitoring the whole operation:TV ,Camera A radioactive fluid is introduced in to the circulatory system and its progress throughout the body is tracked by means of fluoroscope or some other radioactive sensitive imaging system. The major advantage of this radioactive dye technique is that it follows the exact same path that our nanorobot would take to reach the operations site. By sufficiently increasing the resolution of the imaging system, and obtaining enough data to generate a three dimensional map of the route, it would provide the valuble information to the nanaorobot . A small amount of radioactive substance is impregnated as part of the micro robot. This would allow its position to be tracked throughout the body at all times. After reaching the site of location the internal sensor is used to sense the exact location of the plaque and also by using TV camera the plaque can be easily located.
The area where the temperature exceeds than the maximum set limit in the nanorobot, will be operated i.e. that part will be cut of by the rotatory needle attached to the nanorobot. A TV camera is the device helps in transmitting the picture outside the body to a remote control station, showing the people operating the device to steer it and also to view the internal environment of the circulatory system.
Treatment of the plaque: As soon as the nanorobot detects the site of plaque using camera and thermometer, it will activate the rotating needle and the diamond chipped burr grinds the plaque into the micro particles,which then travel harmlessly through the circulatory system and are eventually eliminated by the body. Cutting procedure is monitored using the camera and care is taken that it will not cut the surrounding tissue.
Source of power for the nanorobot The nuclear power is carried on board to supply required amount of energy required amount of energy for the operation of the
device. This would be relatively easy to shield given the amount of fuel involved, and it has other advantages as well. The same radioactive material could be used for power and tracking, since the casing must be hotter than body temperature to produce power and there would be no worries about running out of power, or insufficient power to get the job done. At the micro scale, shielding and power conversion are relatively easy, making this method extremely practical
Means of recovery from the body After the nanorobot has removed the plaque, and its function is over, it has to be removed the body. This can be made possible by guiding the nanorobot to anchor a blood vessel that is easily accessible from outside, and perform a small surgical operation is performed to remove it.
Incase of any emergency: Incase of any unanticipated situations where we want to switch off the nanorobot immediately, can be done by a magnetic switch that has been provided in it. Once the nanorobot has been inserted into the body, it starts operation only when a bar magnet is moved over it. This movement of magnet in one direction only makes the magnetic switch in on condition, and the nanorobot becomes active. So if anyhow in between the task of removing the plaque, we encounter any problem where shutting off the nanoroot is the only solution This is the reason why we go for making the magnetic switch off by moving the bar magnet again that will terminate all the running functions of this nanomachine.
Assumptions: The nanorobot designed must be biocompatible The size of the nanorobot should not be more than 3 micron so as, not to block any capillary. The nanorobot should resist the corrosive environment of the blood vessels. The nano particles that are attached to this nanorobot should be held tightly and must be durable.
Conclusion:
It is proposed that can be made practical by the exiting engineering technology. Once this task for designing a nanorobot is accomplished, it will enable us to get rid of hard plaque in the arteries without any surgical procedure involved that may be very complex and tedious. The practical implementation of this technique will mark a great achievement in the history of mankind.
REPLACEMENT OF HEART BYEPASS SURGERY
BY NANOROBOTS
CONTEXT
Abstract
Introduction
Properties of the Nanorobots
Introduction of Nanorobots in to the body
Movement of Nanorobots
Driving of nanorobot to the site of plaque
Treatment of the plaque
Source of power for the nanorobot
Means of recovery from the body
Incase of any emergency
Assumptions
Conclusion
Abstract: This paper proposes the use of nanorobot based on the nanotechnology that will be used for replacing the exiting heart surgery that involves so many risks to the patient. However no matter how highly trained the specialists may be, surgery can still be dangerous.so nanorobot …show more content…
is not only the safe but also fast and better technique to remove the plaque deposited on the internal walls of arteries. This is also an efficient method to remove heart plaques without any surgical procedure involve nanorobot will typically be .5 to 3 microns large with 1-100 nm parts working in coordination with each other to accompolished the whole task for removing the hard calcified plaque.
Introduction: The heart byepass surgery reroutes the blood supply around clogged arteries to improve blood flow and oxygen to the heart. The arteries that brings blood to the heart muscle (coronary arteries) become clogged by plaque (a build up of fat, cholesterol and other substances). This can slow or stop blood flow through the heart’s blood vessels, leading to chest pain or heart attack. Increasing blood flow to the heart muscle can relieve chest pain or a heart attack.so the surgeons go for this surgery by taking segment of healthy blood vessel from another part of the body usually from leg and make detour around the blocked part of the coronary artery. The surgery involves an incision in the middle of the chest and separation of the breast bone and after detouring, the breast bone is joined using wire and the incision is sewed. The entire surgery can take 4-6 hours. After the surgery, the patient is taken to the intensive care unit for a few days after the surgery, the patient is connected to monitors and tubes. After release from the hospital, the patient may experience side effects such as
Loss of appetite, constipation
Swelling in the area from which the segment of blood vessel was removed
Fatigue, mood swings, feelings of depression, difficulty sleeping
Muscle pain or tightness in the shoulders and in upper back The incision in the chest or graft side (if the graft was from the leg or arm) can be itchy, sore, numb or bruised. The surgery may also lead to loss of memory and mental clarity. To overcome all these problems that are involved in the byepass surgery, we are going for nanorobot, which can replace this technique efficiently and effectively. This nanorobot will remove the clot without any surgi cal process. Just asmall incision is made in to the femoral artery to insert this nanorobot, from where it is moved to the site of theplaque by the use of its nano components that are attached to it. Properties of this nanorobot The nanorobots structure will have two spaces that will consists of an interior and an exterior. The exterior of the will be subjected to various chemical liquids in our bodies . The interior of the nanorobos will be closed, vaccum environment into which the liquids from the outside cannot enter. A nanorobot will prevent itself, from being attacked by the immune system by having a passive diamond exterior .The diamond exterior will have to be smooth and flawless to prevent leukocytes activities since the exterior is chemically inert and have low bioactivity. An electric motor is attached to this nanorobot for its propation in to the circulatory system in the blood vessels. The microprocessor control the overall operation of this nanorobot. The radioactive material is impregnated and is made as the part of exterior surface, which helps us to trace the nanorobot at any period of time. The magnetic switch is also provided to on & off the nanorobot at any point of time.
Introduction of nanorobot in to the body: This nanorobot gets into the body through large diameter artery, so that it may be without being too destructive in the first place. This artery should be traversed easily to gain access to most areas of the body in minimal time. The obvious candidate is the femoral artery in the leg This is in fact the normal access point to the circulatory system for operations that require access to the blood stream for catheters, dye injections, etc. so it will suit our purposes nicely Movement of nanorobot in to the body: We will use the circulatory system to allow our device to move about. But to get access to the site of operation of the nanorobot, it must have active operation of the nanorobot, it must have active propeller. For that purpose we will be using an electric motor which will be having shrouded blade design so as to avoid damage to the surrounding tissues (and to the propellers) during the inevitable collisions. Driving of nanorobot to the site of plaque: Long range sensors will be used to navigate to the site of the plaque closely enough, so that the use of short range sensors is practical These would be used during actual operations , to allow the device to distinguish between healthy and unwanted tissue.
Long range sensor: Radioactive dye.
Short range sensor: Arterial thermometer.
Device for monitoring the whole operation:TV ,Camera A radioactive fluid is introduced in to the circulatory system and its progress throughout the body is tracked by means of fluoroscope or some other radioactive sensitive imaging system. The major advantage of this radioactive dye technique is that it follows the exact same path that our nanorobot would take to reach the operations site. By sufficiently increasing the resolution of the imaging system, and obtaining enough data to generate a three dimensional map of the route, it would provide the valuble information to the nanaorobot . A small amount of radioactive substance is impregnated as part of the micro robot. This would allow its position to be tracked throughout the body at all times. After reaching the site of location the internal sensor is used to sense the exact location of the plaque and also by using TV camera the plaque can be easily located.
The area where the temperature exceeds than the maximum set limit in the nanorobot, will be operated i.e. that part will be cut of by the rotatory needle attached to the nanorobot. A TV camera is the device helps in transmitting the picture outside the body to a remote control station, showing the people operating the device to steer it and also to view the internal environment of the circulatory system.
Treatment of the plaque: As soon as the nanorobot detects the site of plaque using camera and thermometer, it will activate the rotating needle and the diamond chipped burr grinds the plaque into the micro particles,which then travel harmlessly through the circulatory system and are eventually eliminated by the body. Cutting procedure is monitored using the camera and care is taken that it will not cut the surrounding tissue.
Source of power for the nanorobot The nuclear power is carried on board to supply required amount of energy required amount of energy for the operation of the
device. This would be relatively easy to shield given the amount of fuel involved, and it has other advantages as well. The same radioactive material could be used for power and tracking, since the casing must be hotter than body temperature to produce power and there would be no worries about running out of power, or insufficient power to get the job done. At the micro scale, shielding and power conversion are relatively easy, making this method extremely practical
Means of recovery from the body After the nanorobot has removed the plaque, and its function is over, it has to be removed the body. This can be made possible by guiding the nanorobot to anchor a blood vessel that is easily accessible from outside, and perform a small surgical operation is performed to remove it.
Incase of any emergency: Incase of any unanticipated situations where we want to switch off the nanorobot immediately, can be done by a magnetic switch that has been provided in it. Once the nanorobot has been inserted into the body, it starts operation only when a bar magnet is moved over it. This movement of magnet in one direction only makes the magnetic switch in on condition, and the nanorobot becomes active. So if anyhow in between the task of removing the plaque, we encounter any problem where shutting off the nanoroot is the only solution This is the reason why we go for making the magnetic switch off by moving the bar magnet again that will terminate all the running functions of this nanomachine.
Assumptions: The nanorobot designed must be biocompatible The size of the nanorobot should not be more than 3 micron so as, not to block any capillary. The nanorobot should resist the corrosive environment of the blood vessels. The nano particles that are attached to this nanorobot should be held tightly and must be durable.
Conclusion:
It is proposed that can be made practical by the exiting engineering technology. Once this task for designing a nanorobot is accomplished, it will enable us to get rid of hard plaque in the arteries without any surgical procedure involved that may be very complex and tedious. The practical implementation of this technique will mark a great achievement in the history of mankind.