Native American Chapter 1 Summary
THE AMERICAN STORY NOTES
Chapter 1:
Native Americans shared different views than the colonizers. (they wanted to bring colonization to North America)
They did not agree on punishment of murder. (Europeans and Native Americans)
The cultural superiority turned when -- Captain William Claiborne’s trading post in 1635, Maryland - Wicomess Indians (they were going to the trading post on business) encountered enemy Susquehannock Indians—they presented inappropriate behavior (making fun) in public towards the Wicomess Indians (refusing to endure public humiliation)—and the Wicomess men later ambushed the Susquehammock group, killing five, then returning to the post and where three Englishmen were then murdered.
Wicomess dispatched a trusted …show more content…
messenger to inform government of the matter—and they intended to “offer satisfaction for the harm…done to the English” (meaning take a life for a life)
Native Americans addressed Susquehammocks (Native American Indians) death themselves.
The Wicomess leader was surprised when the governor praised them for coming forward about the incident and basically said, “I expect those men that did this crime shall be delivered upon me, and I shall do with them as I think fit.”
The governor did not understand the Native American’s procedure for murder. (If an incident like this occurred, they would “redeem the life of a man that is so slain with a 100 Arms length of Roanoke” (beads that they make, and use for money.)
Since the governor wanted prisoners, he said basically, “since you are strangers and are coming to our country, (English settlers) you should comply to the way we do things in our country, than impose your customs upon us.”
It would have been the other way around if the tables were turned and the murders were committed in England he would be the one defending “The Customs of our Country” (meaning if it was his people, he’d want it dealt with his way.)
(talks about progression and New World – 3 races; Africans, Europeans, and Native Americans)
Peopling of America did not begin until 1492.
Columbus proclaimed “New World” but really it was 3 worlds; Europe, Africa, and …show more content…
America.
Earth’s climate was colder 20k years ago
Glaciers went as far as south as the present states of Illinois, Ohio, and covered broad sections of western Canada.
Much of worlds moisture was transformed into ice
Oceans dropped hundreds of feet below their current level.
Receding waters created a land bridge connecting Asia and North America, a region now submerged beneath the Bering Sea that modern archaeologists named Beringia
Much of North remained free of glaciers.
Paleo-Indians pursued giant mammals (megafauna), wolly mammoths and mastodons, for example—across Beringia.
Hunters were first to step foot on an uninhabited content.
They never developed a sense of common identity due to highly nomadic people and migration took place over a long period of time.
Each group focused on self-survival
Adjusted to opportunities as they came
Paleo-Indians differed little by other Stone Age people found in Asia, Africa, and Europe.
Health-wise, something occurred on the Beringian tundra.
Altered history of Native Americans
The small migrating groups stopped hosting transferrable diseases; such as smallpox and measles.
Native Americans no longer suffered any major illnesses; (although they did suffer miner, such as tuberculosis.)
No major epidemic under normal conditions that would of killed a large percentage of them (Native Americans) every year.
-Physical isolation of the bands (small groups) may have protected them from getting these contagious diseases.
(Another theory says epidemics have frequently been associated with domestic animals such as cattle and pigs.) Since Paleo-Indians did not domesticate animals, not even horses, this may have avoided the microbes that caused virulent European and African diseases.
-Native Americans still lost immunities to these diseases that may have helped them in the future from contagious germs.
-That’s why when they first came into contact with Europeans and Africans; they had no defense against great killers of the Early Modern world.
-Dislocations resulting from war and famine also contributed to disease.
Native Americans had journeyed from Colorado to the southern tip of South America.
Early migrants experienced rapid population growth.
The expansion coincided with the loss of large mammals.
Many of them the spear-throwers favorite food.
(Mammoths, mastodons, camels, and horses) (Horses were not reintroduced until the Spanish reintroduced them in the New World in 1547.)
Archeologists suggest that Paleo-Indians are responsible for the extinction of so many animals. It is more logically conclusive to say that climate change played a toll and put the animals under stress, and early humans contributed to an ecological process and had no little control.
Indian people adjusted to climate control and as they spread across North America, they developed new food sources such as fish, nuts and berries, then five thousand years ago they discovered how to cultivate different plants, such as maize (corn), squash, and beans spread north from central Mexico.
The Shift to basic crops- sometimes called the Agricultural Revolution altered Native American societies.
This was the period when Native Americans began to produce ceramics, technology to store grain.
Vegetable harvest made it possible for permanent villages that were governed by hierarchies of elders and kings
As food increased population expanded (Native American) around urban centers in Southwest and in the Mississippi Valley.
Approx. 4 million Native Americans lived north of Mexico at time of encounter with Europeans.
Mysterious Disappearances
Several sites in North America provide powerful testimony during final two thousand years before European conquest.
Chaco Canyon on the San Juan River in present day New Mexico.
Center of Anasazi culture, serving both political and religious functions (housed 15k people)
They sustained their agriculture through a huge network of irrigation canals that carried water long distances.
Also constructed a transportation system connecting Chaco Canyon by road to more than 70 villages.
Impressive urban centers developed throughout Ohio and Mississippi Rivers.
Present day southern Ohio, the Adena and Hopewell peoples-named assigned by arch. To distinguish differences in material culture—built large ceremonial mounds, and where they buried the families of local elites. Approx. a thousand years after the birth of Christ, groups gave way to Mississippi culture—loose communities dispersed along the Mississippi River from Louisiana to Illinois that shared similar technol. And beliefs.
Cahokia, a ceremonial site in Illinois, represented the greatest achievement of the Mississippi peoples. Cahokia once supported a population of almost 20k, a city rivaling in size many encountered in late medieval Europe.
Cahokia was, one arch. Explained “as spectacular as any of the magnificent Mexican civilizations that were in its
contemporaries.”
Native American peoples did not live in isolated communities.
More than three hundred separate languages had evolved in North America before European conquest.
Members of groups traded goods over long distances
For example:
1. Burial mounds found in Ohio Valley have yielded obsidian from western Wyoming
2. Shells from Florida, mica quarried in North Carolina and Tennessee, and copper found near in Lake Superior.
Both Native American and Mississippi culture disappeared before the arrival of Europeans.
Thought because of climate change, chronic warfare, and diseases carried to the New World by the first European adventures
Chapter 1:
Native Americans shared different views than the colonizers. (they wanted to bring colonization to North America)
They did not agree on punishment of murder. (Europeans and Native Americans)
The cultural superiority turned when -- Captain William Claiborne’s trading post in 1635, Maryland - Wicomess Indians (they were going to the trading post on business) encountered enemy Susquehannock Indians—they presented inappropriate behavior (making fun) in public towards the Wicomess Indians (refusing to endure public humiliation)—and the Wicomess men later ambushed the Susquehammock group, killing five, then returning to the post and where three Englishmen were then murdered.
Wicomess dispatched a trusted …show more content…
messenger to inform government of the matter—and they intended to “offer satisfaction for the harm…done to the English” (meaning take a life for a life)
Native Americans addressed Susquehammocks (Native American Indians) death themselves.
The Wicomess leader was surprised when the governor praised them for coming forward about the incident and basically said, “I expect those men that did this crime shall be delivered upon me, and I shall do with them as I think fit.”
The governor did not understand the Native American’s procedure for murder. (If an incident like this occurred, they would “redeem the life of a man that is so slain with a 100 Arms length of Roanoke” (beads that they make, and use for money.)
Since the governor wanted prisoners, he said basically, “since you are strangers and are coming to our country, (English settlers) you should comply to the way we do things in our country, than impose your customs upon us.”
It would have been the other way around if the tables were turned and the murders were committed in England he would be the one defending “The Customs of our Country” (meaning if it was his people, he’d want it dealt with his way.)
(talks about progression and New World – 3 races; Africans, Europeans, and Native Americans)
Peopling of America did not begin until 1492.
Columbus proclaimed “New World” but really it was 3 worlds; Europe, Africa, and …show more content…
America.
Earth’s climate was colder 20k years ago
Glaciers went as far as south as the present states of Illinois, Ohio, and covered broad sections of western Canada.
Much of worlds moisture was transformed into ice
Oceans dropped hundreds of feet below their current level.
Receding waters created a land bridge connecting Asia and North America, a region now submerged beneath the Bering Sea that modern archaeologists named Beringia
Much of North remained free of glaciers.
Paleo-Indians pursued giant mammals (megafauna), wolly mammoths and mastodons, for example—across Beringia.
Hunters were first to step foot on an uninhabited content.
They never developed a sense of common identity due to highly nomadic people and migration took place over a long period of time.
Each group focused on self-survival
Adjusted to opportunities as they came
Paleo-Indians differed little by other Stone Age people found in Asia, Africa, and Europe.
Health-wise, something occurred on the Beringian tundra.
Altered history of Native Americans
The small migrating groups stopped hosting transferrable diseases; such as smallpox and measles.
Native Americans no longer suffered any major illnesses; (although they did suffer miner, such as tuberculosis.)
No major epidemic under normal conditions that would of killed a large percentage of them (Native Americans) every year.
-Physical isolation of the bands (small groups) may have protected them from getting these contagious diseases.
(Another theory says epidemics have frequently been associated with domestic animals such as cattle and pigs.) Since Paleo-Indians did not domesticate animals, not even horses, this may have avoided the microbes that caused virulent European and African diseases.
-Native Americans still lost immunities to these diseases that may have helped them in the future from contagious germs.
-That’s why when they first came into contact with Europeans and Africans; they had no defense against great killers of the Early Modern world.
-Dislocations resulting from war and famine also contributed to disease.
Native Americans had journeyed from Colorado to the southern tip of South America.
Early migrants experienced rapid population growth.
The expansion coincided with the loss of large mammals.
Many of them the spear-throwers favorite food.
(Mammoths, mastodons, camels, and horses) (Horses were not reintroduced until the Spanish reintroduced them in the New World in 1547.)
Archeologists suggest that Paleo-Indians are responsible for the extinction of so many animals. It is more logically conclusive to say that climate change played a toll and put the animals under stress, and early humans contributed to an ecological process and had no little control.
Indian people adjusted to climate control and as they spread across North America, they developed new food sources such as fish, nuts and berries, then five thousand years ago they discovered how to cultivate different plants, such as maize (corn), squash, and beans spread north from central Mexico.
The Shift to basic crops- sometimes called the Agricultural Revolution altered Native American societies.
This was the period when Native Americans began to produce ceramics, technology to store grain.
Vegetable harvest made it possible for permanent villages that were governed by hierarchies of elders and kings
As food increased population expanded (Native American) around urban centers in Southwest and in the Mississippi Valley.
Approx. 4 million Native Americans lived north of Mexico at time of encounter with Europeans.
Mysterious Disappearances
Several sites in North America provide powerful testimony during final two thousand years before European conquest.
Chaco Canyon on the San Juan River in present day New Mexico.
Center of Anasazi culture, serving both political and religious functions (housed 15k people)
They sustained their agriculture through a huge network of irrigation canals that carried water long distances.
Also constructed a transportation system connecting Chaco Canyon by road to more than 70 villages.
Impressive urban centers developed throughout Ohio and Mississippi Rivers.
Present day southern Ohio, the Adena and Hopewell peoples-named assigned by arch. To distinguish differences in material culture—built large ceremonial mounds, and where they buried the families of local elites. Approx. a thousand years after the birth of Christ, groups gave way to Mississippi culture—loose communities dispersed along the Mississippi River from Louisiana to Illinois that shared similar technol. And beliefs.
Cahokia, a ceremonial site in Illinois, represented the greatest achievement of the Mississippi peoples. Cahokia once supported a population of almost 20k, a city rivaling in size many encountered in late medieval Europe.
Cahokia was, one arch. Explained “as spectacular as any of the magnificent Mexican civilizations that were in its
contemporaries.”
Native American peoples did not live in isolated communities.
More than three hundred separate languages had evolved in North America before European conquest.
Members of groups traded goods over long distances
For example:
1. Burial mounds found in Ohio Valley have yielded obsidian from western Wyoming
2. Shells from Florida, mica quarried in North Carolina and Tennessee, and copper found near in Lake Superior.
Both Native American and Mississippi culture disappeared before the arrival of Europeans.
Thought because of climate change, chronic warfare, and diseases carried to the New World by the first European adventures