I am writing in response to your request that I analyze Stewart Brand's “The Case for De-Extinction: Why We Should Bring Back the Woolly Mammoth” and make a recommendation for or against publication in The Shorthorn. I have considered the rhetorical appeals of Brand’s piece and determined that a large majority of students would find this to be unappealing due to the large amount of Christians, Catholics, Muslims, and other religious groups on campus, so therefore, it should not be published. This topic is very controversial and most likely will not persuade the UTA community in agreeing with Brand’'s viewpoints.…
Although there is no direct evidence and a species language or their language capabilities do not fossilize, coupled with more modern techniques being used today and archeological evidence, it is possible now to study this topic with more success than in previous years. There is a record that supports the suggestion of Homo neandertal speech capabilities. Previous to the recovery of an intact middle paleolithic hyoid bone, the reconstructed vocal tract and the FOXP2 gene, the lack of evidence on the speech capabilities of Homo neandertals led most scholars to regard the topic as unsuitable for serious study (2012) .…
This cold climate lead to Neanderthals developing a larger stature and more significant culture that contained fire, clothing, and use of shelter to protect against the elements. The Homo Sapiens were largely migratory throughout their expansive territory, migrating as weather patterns changed. This left them perpetually in a warm-moist climate. The Homo Sapiens did have greater mastery of tools, making use of biface tools. Neanderthal groups only had pebble tools. In the third interglacial period Neanderthal groups found their way around the Himalayas into northern India and the Middle East. It was in this period that Homo Sapiens and Neanderthals first had contact and Homo Sapiens assimilated Neanderthal culture. At the onset of the fourth glacial period, Homo Sapiens populations moved south out of Europe, leaving it vacant. The mixed Neanderthals moved north into…
Time Frame: Neanderthals diverged over 550,000 to 690,000 years ago. Other data estimates they lived between 365,000 and 853,000 years ago and 465,000 before present. Human trunk and limb bones of Homo antecessor, recovered from the Gran Dolina site in Spain have been dated at about 780,000 years old and are said to represent the last common ancestor for modern humans and Neanderthals. Phylogenetic analysis of Neanderthal mitochondrial DNA leads to a date for the common ancestor of the Neanderthal and modern humans at around 465,000 to 600,000 years ago. Archaeologists have found much physical evidence to confirm this date, such as the 0.73 Mya old fossils with stone tools and animal bones. The other date matches the movement of modern humans out of Africa and the appearance of modern traits in fossil skulls. Fossil skull traits such as high rounded skulls and small brow ridges, a vertical forehead and a pronounced chin first appear in Africa about 130,000 years ago. They then appear outside of Africa over 90,000 years ago.…
Neanderthals have long thought to be lesser than modern humans in many ways, such as intelligence, wit, appearance, and ways of life; however, this is not entirely the case. The first Neanderthal discovered was in the Neander Valley of Germany, where part of a skull and limb bones were present (“Neanderthals | Evolution | Earth Facts,” n.d.). Although this is not the oldest Neanderthal skeleton ever found, it was the first and it led to the discovery and understanding of a whole new species. This species was known to us as Homo sapien neanderthalensis, or for those who believe the differences to be so vast that it should be its own distinct species, Homo neanderthalensis (O’Neil, 2010). Homo (sapien) neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens lived side by side for thousands of years (O’Neil, 2010), but it is speculated that it was because of the advanced nature of Homo sapiens which allowed them to strive and eventually outlive the Neanderthals. Although the Neanderthals eventually became extinct and Homo sapiens strived, there are many similarities in both appearance and behaviour that suggest that perhaps the few differences that exist between the two were the difference that allowed for one species to prevail while the other faded out.…
What is the cause of such huge numbers of species vanishing?•Deforestation•Spreading agriculture•Pollution: Fossil fuels, greenhouse gases, CO2 = global warming & climate change•Population increasing vastly•Overexploitation of species and natural resources•Invasive species eg. Gorse in New ZealandRecords suggest that the worst mass extinctions can occur when temperatures are the warmest. By comparing early records of marine and terrestrial diversity with past temperature estimates, researchers from the Universities of York and Leeds found a close relationship between Earths climate and extinctions over the past 520 million years. The result: higher extinction rates occur at higher temperatures.…
May have went extinct because of drought, locusts.. bad seasons, warring tribes, internal tribal warfare, natural disaster, disease…
The spread of humans especially impacted the wildlife in the areas such as the Americas and Australia, where animals had the least time co-evolving alongside with humans. The smoking gun of the Quaternary extinction lies within the vegetation. The Last Glacial Maximum cut out a lot of the protein-rich forbs and it wasn’t as abundant…
After the emergence of physically/anatomically ‘modern’ humans in Europe, the Neanderthal population that frequented the Eurasian continent for the past 1.4-2 Million years drastically began to decline. The exact period when the population was wiped out is debated, while some argue around 40 Kya, recent findings suggest they may have remained alive in pockets up to 24 Kya. Another aspect of Neanderthals that is widely contested is what exactly killed them off; the most prominent arguments include competition with these encroaching Homo Sapiens, interbreeding/hybridisation, the inability to adapt to climate change, and parasites/pathogens are mentioned. There isn’t substantial evidence for any of these claims to stand on their own, Whether…
We know what we know about history from the examining of fossils, DNA records, , and technological advances overtime.…
Archaeologists are in two camps over what exactly happened. Some believe the Neanderthals died off because of climate change or epidemics. Others think modern humans wiped them out with better tools, clothing or social organization.…
There is a theory that humans descended from an earlier, lower form of life. There is an assortment of evidence that shows that all living creatures on Earth descended from a common ancestry. Evolution doesnt discriminate against humans. It is believed that we too are a product of an earlier predecessor. The similarities in all life are evident if you consider that every form of life builds from the same building blocks--20 essential amino acids, four nitrogen bases, and simple sugars. Each of Earths past and present forms of life are, or were composed of a combination of those building blocks called RNA or DNA. In the very beginning of life on Earth, the genetic structure was very simple, but as time has gone by, the best combinations in the…
For over 150 million years, dinosaurs dominated Earth. They were incredibly successful-so successful in fact that all of the other animal groups had no choice but to play a secondary role in nature. 65 million years ago, however, every species of dinosaur went extinct as well mosasaurs, plesiosaurs, pterosaurs, ammonites, and many families of brachiopods and sea sponges. Also, many shark species as well as most vegetation did not survive(“Dinosaur Extinction”). What could have possibly killed off the dominant animal group of the time? The answer to this question is still unclear but there are many hypotheses that attempt to explain this extinction event. To find out exactly how this happened, evidence must be gathered not only from fossils…
The exact reason for the Pleistocene extinction is still not known, this data implies that top-down forces and humans are the reason the extinction happened. This data is important because during the Anthropocene humans continue to put animals at risk for another extinction. The authors used data from the Pleistocene and recent data to show that high rates of predation and humans could have lead to the extinction. Both carnivores and humans caused the extinction, because both were competing for prey which lead to a lower percentage of megafauna.…
One reason is because it was after the ice age. Many animals became extinct after the ice age, such as, mammoths, sabretooth tigers and many other animals. Before the ice age, in the Paleolithic era the life style was mostly hunter-gatherer. Due to the main ‘meat…