Nervous System and Nervous Tissue
11: Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue
Study guide
Functions and Divisions of the Nervous System 1. List the basic functions of the nervous system. 2. Explain the structural and functional divisions of the nervous system.
Histology of Nervous Tissue 3. List the types of neuroglia and cite their functions. 4. Define neuron, describe its important structural components, and relate each to a functional role. 5. Differentiate between a nerve and a tract, and between a nucleus and a ganglion. 6. Explain the importance of the myelin sheath and describe how it is formed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. 7. Classify neurons structurally and functionally.
Membrane Potentials 8. Define resting membrane potential and describe its electrochemical basis. 9. Compare and contrast graded potentials and action potentials. 10. Explain how action potentials are generated and propagated along neurons. 11. Define absolute and relative refractory periods. 12. Define saltatory conduction and contrast it to conduction along unmyelinated fibers.
The Synapse 13. Define synapse. Distinguish between electrical and chemical synapses by structure and by the way they transmit information. 14. Distinguish between excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. 15. Describe how synaptic events are integrated and modified.
Neurotransmitters and Their Receptors 16. Define neurotransmitter and name several classes of neurotransmitters.
Basic Concepts of Neural Integration 17. Describe common patterns of neuronal organization and processing. 18. Distinguish between serial and parallel processing.
Notes: I. Functions and Divisions of the Nervous System (pp. 342–343; Figs. 11.1–11.2) A. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, and is the integrating and command center of the nervous system (pp. 342–343; Figs. 11.1–11.2). B. The
Study guide
Functions and Divisions of the Nervous System 1. List the basic functions of the nervous system. 2. Explain the structural and functional divisions of the nervous system.
Histology of Nervous Tissue 3. List the types of neuroglia and cite their functions. 4. Define neuron, describe its important structural components, and relate each to a functional role. 5. Differentiate between a nerve and a tract, and between a nucleus and a ganglion. 6. Explain the importance of the myelin sheath and describe how it is formed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. 7. Classify neurons structurally and functionally.
Membrane Potentials 8. Define resting membrane potential and describe its electrochemical basis. 9. Compare and contrast graded potentials and action potentials. 10. Explain how action potentials are generated and propagated along neurons. 11. Define absolute and relative refractory periods. 12. Define saltatory conduction and contrast it to conduction along unmyelinated fibers.
The Synapse 13. Define synapse. Distinguish between electrical and chemical synapses by structure and by the way they transmit information. 14. Distinguish between excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. 15. Describe how synaptic events are integrated and modified.
Neurotransmitters and Their Receptors 16. Define neurotransmitter and name several classes of neurotransmitters.
Basic Concepts of Neural Integration 17. Describe common patterns of neuronal organization and processing. 18. Distinguish between serial and parallel processing.
Notes: I. Functions and Divisions of the Nervous System (pp. 342–343; Figs. 11.1–11.2) A. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, and is the integrating and command center of the nervous system (pp. 342–343; Figs. 11.1–11.2). B. The