Networking
a. Flow control
It is the process of managing the rate of data transmission between two nodes to prevent a fast sender from outrunning a slow receiver. It provides a mechanism for the receiver to control the transmission speed, so that the receiving node is not overwhelmed with data from transmitting node. Flow control should be distinguished from congestion control, which is used for controlling the flow of data when congestion has actually occurred.
Error control
It is the process of detecting and correcting both the bit level and packet level errors.
The network is responsible for transmission of data from one device to another device. The end to end transfer of data from a transmitting application to a receiving application involves many steps, each subject to error. With the error control process, we can be confident that the transmitted and received data are identical. Data can be corrupted during transmission. For reliable communication, error must be detected and corrected.
b. Description of the following errors in data communication
i. Jitter
Jitter is the undesired deviation from true periodicity of an assumed periodic signal in electronics and telecommunications, often in relation to a reference clock source. Jitter may be observed in characteristics such as the frequency of successive pulses, the signal amplitude, or phase of periodic signals. ii. Cross talk
Cross talk is a noise that is caused by the inductive coupling between two wires that are closed to each other. Sometime when talking on the telephone, you can hear another conversation in the background. That is cross talk
iii. Attenuation
It is the loss of energy as the signal propagates outward. The amount of energy depends on the frequency. If the attenuation is too much, the receiver may not be able to detect the signal at all, or the signal may fall below the noise level. For reliable communication, the attenuation and delay over the range of frequencies of transmission
It is the process of managing the rate of data transmission between two nodes to prevent a fast sender from outrunning a slow receiver. It provides a mechanism for the receiver to control the transmission speed, so that the receiving node is not overwhelmed with data from transmitting node. Flow control should be distinguished from congestion control, which is used for controlling the flow of data when congestion has actually occurred.
Error control
It is the process of detecting and correcting both the bit level and packet level errors.
The network is responsible for transmission of data from one device to another device. The end to end transfer of data from a transmitting application to a receiving application involves many steps, each subject to error. With the error control process, we can be confident that the transmitted and received data are identical. Data can be corrupted during transmission. For reliable communication, error must be detected and corrected.
b. Description of the following errors in data communication
i. Jitter
Jitter is the undesired deviation from true periodicity of an assumed periodic signal in electronics and telecommunications, often in relation to a reference clock source. Jitter may be observed in characteristics such as the frequency of successive pulses, the signal amplitude, or phase of periodic signals. ii. Cross talk
Cross talk is a noise that is caused by the inductive coupling between two wires that are closed to each other. Sometime when talking on the telephone, you can hear another conversation in the background. That is cross talk
iii. Attenuation
It is the loss of energy as the signal propagates outward. The amount of energy depends on the frequency. If the attenuation is too much, the receiver may not be able to detect the signal at all, or the signal may fall below the noise level. For reliable communication, the attenuation and delay over the range of frequencies of transmission
References: 1. Types of Errors in Data Communication | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/info_8769397_types-errors-data-communication.html#ixzz2LASvEanG 2. W. Bolton, Mechatronics: Electronic Control Systems in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering (2nd Edition), Longman, New York, 1999. 3. Technology (23,563)»Computers and Software (7,207)»Networking and Communication 4. http://www.ehow.com/list_6724501_computer-networking-components.html#ixzz2LBiRLaWA