Networking Assignment

PROGRAM : DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER STUDIES
COURSE : COMPUTER NETWORKING

QUESTION : Discuss the difference between the Internet and the internet (small letter i), including the history of the Internet.

INTRODUCTION
In the information age that we live in today, the speed at which information can travel inside a company would often indicate the productivity of that company. It is often necessary to create an environment where the flow of data is unimpeded and the intended recipient gets it instantaneously. Computers make this possible and there are multiple ways to implement such a network. The following article will discuss the Internet (capital letter I) and internet (small letter i)
The Internet is a very important networking tool that enables the sharing of information along a wide area of load. It is the world’s largest Wide Area Network (WAN) and it has been in use since the late 1960s, and has proved to be of atmost importance, adds value to today’s business world as well as on an individual level worldwide.
The Internet has served as the universal language of the virtual world since the beginning of the digital era. The creation of the Internet started during the time-sharing of several well-known computers in the middle of the 19th century. As the Internet technology progressed and its presence widened, it eventually became popular due to a number of almost endless capabilities it can offer, including electronic mail systems, information distribution, file sharing, multimedia steaming service and online social networking. The Internet has significantly served many people around the world.
We are going to look at how the Internet came about, that is, who’s idea was it, the people who invented it, its development, its introduction to the general public, the very first electronic mail, the first Internet Protocol and other various events that took place there after (the Internet history). The importance and the uses of the Internet are also going to be discussed in this article.

THE INTERNET (capital I)
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services such as the inter-linked hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the infrastructure to support email.
Most traditional communications media including telephone, television, film and music are being reshaped or redefined by the Internet, giving birth to new services such as Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and Internet Protocol Television (IPTV). Newspaper, book and other print publishing are adapting to Web site technology or are reshaped into blogging and web feeds. The Internet has enabled and accelerated new forms of human interactions through instant messaging, Internet forums and social networking. Online shopping has boomed both for major retail outlets and small artisans and traders. Business-to-business and financial services on the Internet affect supply chains across entire industries.
The Internet has no centralized governance in either technological implementation or policies for access and usage; each constituent network sets its own policies. Only the overreaching definitions of the two principal name spaces in the Internet, the Internet Protocol address space and the Domain Name System, are directed by a maintainer organization, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Number (ICANN). The technical underpinning and Standardization of the core protocols (IPv4 and IPv6) is an activity of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), a non-profit organization of loosely affiliated international participants that anyone may associate with by contributing technical expertise.

USES OF THE INTERNET
Internet has been the most useful technology of the modern times which helps us not only in our daily lives, but also our personal and professional lives developments. The Internet helps us achieve this in several different ways.
For the students and educational purposes the Internet is widely used to gather information so as to do the research or add to the knowledge of any sort of subject they have. Even the business personals and the professions like doctors, access the Internet to filter the necessary information for their use. The Internet is therefore the largest encyclopedia for everyone, in all age categories.
The Internet has served to be more useful in maintaining contacts with friends and relatives who live abroad permanently. The easiest communication means like the Internet chatting systems and the emails are the best and the most common for the maintaining contacts with the people around the world.
Internet is also used for fun these days, may it be all the games, and networking conferences or the online movies, songs, dramas and quizzes, it has provided users with a great opportunity to eradicate the boredom from their lives.
Internet is as well used to upgrade the internet and use special software to work on the projects and documentation works as the internet enables the user to download a myriad of different software for a variety of different purposes, making it much easier than buying the costly software cds.

IMPORTANCE OF THE INTERNET
The advantages of the Internet definitely outweigh its disadvantages. Some of the benefits of the Internet over other communication networks are its global presence, easy accessibility and wide-scale communication. Since the presence of the Internet can be found almost everywhere across the globe, you will not have any problem accessing it. Apart from the presence and accessibility issues, the Internet greatly offers rapid communication on a global scale. It even delivers an integrated multi-media entertainment that any other mass medium cannot offer.
Since the internet has become a part of the popular culture of our lives, it has been widely considered as a necessity especially in this millennial age. The boundless communication it provides makes the internet an important medium of communication and whether one likes it or not, the internet will always be here, it is here to stay.
INTERNET (SMALL LETTER I)
The Internet standards community has historically differentiated between the Internet and an internet (or internetwork), the first being treated as a proper noun with a capital letter, and the latter as a common noun with lower-case first letter. An internet is any internetwork or interconnected Internet Protocol networks. The distinction is evident in large number of the Request for Comments documents from the early 1980s, when the transition from the ARPANET to the Internet was in progress, although it was not applied with complete uniformity.
Another example is IBM’s TCP/IP Tutorial and technical overview (ISBN 0-73384-2165-0) from 1989, which is simply a contraction of the phrase interconnected network. However, when written with a capital “I”, the Internet refers to the world wide set of interconnected networks. Hence, the Internet is an internet, but the reverse does not apply. The Internet is sometimes called the connected Internet.
The Internet/internet distinction fell out of common use after Internet Protocol Suite was widely deployed in commercial networks in the 1990’s.
In its generic sense, internet is a common noun, a synonym for internetwork; therefore it has a plural form and is not capitalized.
In its specific sense it is a pronoun and therefore, without a plural form and traditionally capitalized.
As Internet connectivity has expanded, it has started to be seen as a service similar to television, radio and telephone, and the word has come to be used in this way (for instance “I have the internet at home” and “I found it on the internet”).

INTERNET HISTORY (capital letter I)
The Internet was the result of some visionary thinking by people in the early 1960s who saw great potential value in allowing computers to share information on research and development in scientific and military fields. J.C.R. Licklider of MIT first proposed a global network of computers in 1962, and moved over to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in late 1962 to head the work to develop it. Leonard Kleinrock of MIT and later UCLA developed the theory of packet switching, which was to form the basis of Internet connections. Lawrence Roberts of MIT connected a Massachusetts computer with a California computer in 1965 over dial-up telephone lines. It showed the feasibility of wide area networking, but also showed that the telephone line's circuit switching was inadequate. Kleinrock's packet switching theory was confirmed. Roberts moved over to DARPA in 1966 and developed his plan for ARPANET. These visionaries and many more left unnamed here are the real founders of the Internet.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INTERNET (Capital letter I) AND INTERNET (small letter i)
Internet
1. Internet is wide network of computers and is open for all.
2. Internet itself contains a large number of intranets.
3. The number of users who use internet is Unlimited.
4. The Visitors traffic is unlimited.
5. Internet contains different source of information and is available for all. internet 1. internet is also a network of computers designed for a specific group of users.
2. internet can be accessed from Internet but with restrictions.
3. The number of users is limited.
4. The traffic allowed is also limited.
5. internet contains only specific group information.

CONCLUSION
Therefore the Internet is an open, public space, while an internet is designed to be a private space. An intranet may be accessible from the Internet, but it is protected by a password and accessible only to authorized users. The Internet is imperative in that it provides access to a global information system. It makes it possible for many to have access to it, makes it easy to publish information. The Internet also helps present some serious legal matters or issues. The Internet is impossible to manage centrally and in the near future, it can bring about more growth, increased commercial activity as well as increased amounts of change.

REFFERENCES 1. D. Andersen; H. Balakrishnan; M. Kaashoek; R. Morris (10-2001), Resilient Overlay Networks], Association for Computing Machinery, http://nms.lcs.mit.edu/papers/ron-sosp2001.html, 2. Martin, Thomas. "Design Principles for DSL-Based Access Solutions". http://www.gsi.dit.upm.es/~legf/Varios/XDSL_MARTI.PDF. 3. Computer network definition, http://www.atis.org/glossary/definition.aspx?id=6555 2 4. "personal area network (PAN)". http://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid40_gci546288,00.html. Retrieved January 29, 2011 5. Christos J. P. Moschovitis (1998). History of the Internet: a chronology, 1843 to the present. ABC-CLIO. p. 36. ISBN 9781576071182. http://books.google.com/?