Neuroanatomy Review Sheet Answer Key
According to Neuroanatomy Online chapters 1,6,7 and 8, I come up with these brief info. around Pain. First, we must know neuro system well. I’ll start describing anatomically and physiologically.
-As we know main 3 component of neuro system is Brain-----Spinal cord-----Peripheral nervous system.
- All nerves do synaptic connections in SC, MO then ascend into subcortical nuclei.
- PNS divided into: 1) Visceral system and it consist of: ANS, Sympathetic (TL), Parasympathetic (craniosacral) and enteric.
2) Somatic system.
• Some of pain principles:
- As we know pain is protection modality against abnormal and wrong mechanism in the body.
- Pain is emotional experience, recognition sensation with tissues injury or damage.
- Pain like “Get out …show more content…
of this situation immediately “.
- Pain called nociceptive, means respond to harmful stimuli.
- These stimuli activated nociceptors that located in skin, muscles, joints, bones and viscera.
- There are types of nociceptors depend on responses: 1) mechanical, 2) thermal, 3)chemical, 4)polymodal and 5)silent.
- These nociceptors have different categories depend on location e.g. skin, joint.
- Nociceptors have cell bodies and these exist in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and trigeminal ganglia ‘on SC level ‘.
- Main reason for persistence pain is silent nociceptor (sleep nociceptor) because it is not activated by stimulation except during the inflammation or after injury. It called awakening phenomenon (continuous stimulation from damage’s tissue → decrease threshold of S nociceptor)
- Also this phenomenal causing what is called peripheral sensitization, it occurs in dorsal part of SC.
• Kind of imaging normal processing (mechanism) of pain:
Noxious ( on tissue ) → ( TRP in nociceptor ) → start action in nerve fibres ( A delta or C ) → reach into SC ( DRG or trigeminal G) → connect in Rexed I &/or II → released neuro chemical activate ( nocineurons) → signals reach into different areas in CNS by ascending pathway ( 3 diff. tracts ).
• What is peripheral and central
sensitization?
- Peripheral sensitization causing by weak stimuli has no effect on silent nociceptor neurons but further will activate it → sever pain signals.
- “The outcome of P.S persist barrage of nerve impulses firing in CNS that called C sensitization”.
- However, after all these info. above, when patient come with chronic pain we can deal with him by using Gate Control theory. This theory works as “non-painful input closes the gates to painful input, which results in prevention of the pain sensation from traveling to the CNS (i.e., non-noxious input [stimulation] suppresses pain) “.
For example, when manipulate patient with rotators calf pain, patient feel decreasing pain because manipulation works on mechanoreceptor that interfered with main pain and block noxious info. to reach CNS through presynaptic inhibition.
-As we know main 3 component of neuro system is Brain-----Spinal cord-----Peripheral nervous system.
- All nerves do synaptic connections in SC, MO then ascend into subcortical nuclei.
- PNS divided into: 1) Visceral system and it consist of: ANS, Sympathetic (TL), Parasympathetic (craniosacral) and enteric.
2) Somatic system.
• Some of pain principles:
- As we know pain is protection modality against abnormal and wrong mechanism in the body.
- Pain is emotional experience, recognition sensation with tissues injury or damage.
- Pain like “Get out …show more content…
of this situation immediately “.
- Pain called nociceptive, means respond to harmful stimuli.
- These stimuli activated nociceptors that located in skin, muscles, joints, bones and viscera.
- There are types of nociceptors depend on responses: 1) mechanical, 2) thermal, 3)chemical, 4)polymodal and 5)silent.
- These nociceptors have different categories depend on location e.g. skin, joint.
- Nociceptors have cell bodies and these exist in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and trigeminal ganglia ‘on SC level ‘.
- Main reason for persistence pain is silent nociceptor (sleep nociceptor) because it is not activated by stimulation except during the inflammation or after injury. It called awakening phenomenon (continuous stimulation from damage’s tissue → decrease threshold of S nociceptor)
- Also this phenomenal causing what is called peripheral sensitization, it occurs in dorsal part of SC.
• Kind of imaging normal processing (mechanism) of pain:
Noxious ( on tissue ) → ( TRP in nociceptor ) → start action in nerve fibres ( A delta or C ) → reach into SC ( DRG or trigeminal G) → connect in Rexed I &/or II → released neuro chemical activate ( nocineurons) → signals reach into different areas in CNS by ascending pathway ( 3 diff. tracts ).
• What is peripheral and central
sensitization?
- Peripheral sensitization causing by weak stimuli has no effect on silent nociceptor neurons but further will activate it → sever pain signals.
- “The outcome of P.S persist barrage of nerve impulses firing in CNS that called C sensitization”.
- However, after all these info. above, when patient come with chronic pain we can deal with him by using Gate Control theory. This theory works as “non-painful input closes the gates to painful input, which results in prevention of the pain sensation from traveling to the CNS (i.e., non-noxious input [stimulation] suppresses pain) “.
For example, when manipulate patient with rotators calf pain, patient feel decreasing pain because manipulation works on mechanoreceptor that interfered with main pain and block noxious info. to reach CNS through presynaptic inhibition.