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Neurotransmisores

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Neurotransmisores
3. NEUROTRANSMISORES DEL SNA
La transmisión del estímulo excitatório, a través de la hendidura sináptica en el SNA periférico, ocurre mediante liberación de neurotransmisores químicos.
Las terminales de las fibras postganglionares del SNP liberan acetilcolina (AC).
Las terminales de las fibras postganglionares del SNS liberan noradrenalina (NA), con excepción de las glándulas salivales.
Las neuronas preganglionares de los dos sistemas liberan acetilcolina.
9
Noradrenalina como neurotransmisor
Los primeros pasos en la formación de NA tienen lugar en el citoplasma de las neuronas simpáticas postganglionares finalizando la síntesis en las vesículas sinápticas. Es probable que los enzimas que participan en la síntesis de noradrenalina sean producidas en las mismas neuronas simpáticas postganglionares. La NA se almacena en las vesículas sinápticas, para liberarse como respuesta a un potencial de acción por exocitosis de las vesículas; en cada estímulo se libera un 1% de la NA almacenada aproximadamente. Los iones de calcio tienen un papel importante en este proceso. Las fibras adrenérgicas pueden mantener una liberación de NA durante períodos prolongados de tiempo; la taquifilaxia que producen los simpaticomiméticos de acción indirecta como la efedrina puede ser debida a la deplección de las reservas de neurotransmisor.
Finalización de la acción
La acción finaliza por diferentes mecanismos:
Recaptación por tejido neuronal: es probablemente el mecanismo más importante. Se estima que ocurre a un 80% de la NA y constituye una gran fuente de NA para ser reutilizada. Este transporte se realiza contra gradiente a través de la bomba vacuolar de protones. Este transporte puede ser bloqueado por diversas sustancias como la cocaína y algunos antidepresivos.
Recaptación por el tejido no neuronal: el neurotransmisor sale de la sinapsis
10
Metabolismo: como sistema de finalizar la acción de la terminal sináptica, tiene poca importancia clínica. La

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