WACC= (%of debt) (after-tax cost of debt) + (% of preferred stock)(Cost of preferred stock) + (% of common equity) (Cost of common equity)…
a. A bond that has a $1,000 par value and a contract or coupon interest rate of 11.3%. The bonds have a current market value of $1,128 and will mature in 10 years. The firm’s marginal tax rate is 34%.…
20-year current yields should be used as market risk free rate since it has the longest period, which is equal to 5.74%…
The constant growth DDM stated that the current value of a firm’s stock price was equal to next year’s expected dividend divided by the investor’s required rate of return minus the expected dividend growth rate. And the required return could be decomposed into two parts: the expected dividend plus the expected future growth in dividends. That is the stock price equals dividend divided by the indicated dividend yield.…
Any company’s assets are either financed by its debt or by its equity. The Weighted Average Cost of Capital is the average costs of these sources of financing, each of which is weighted by its respective use in the given situation. By taking the weighted average, we can see how much interest the company has to pay for every dollar it finances. Basically, the WACC is the minimum required return that the company must earn to satisfy its creditors, owners, and other providers of capital, or they will invest in another company that has higher returns. In this case, I will first address the issues with Cohen’s calculation, and then analyze an new WACC to decide whether we should invest in Nike Inc.…
NIKE, Inc. is the world’s leading innovator in athletic footwear, apparel, equipment and accessories. Before there was the Swoosh, before there was Nike, there were two visionary men who pioneered a revolution in athletic footwear that redefined the industry.…
Approx. risk-free rate at time of the case (2002) (US 10-year T-Bill ) = 5%…
Short-term risk-free rate and arithmetic market premium: The argument for this approach is that short-term rates are the best proxy for riskless rates: as obligations of the U.S. (or other) government, short-term rates are the closest to being default-risk free. As short-term rates, they suffer little risk of illiquidity or capital loss because of sudden rises in market yields. For the purposes of these notes, “short term” is defined as 90 to 360 days. The corresponding market premium used is the arithmetic average premium estimated over the long term (e.g., 1926 to the date of the case). For the period through 1992, this average was estimated to be 8.6 percent.2 If there is a bias in academia and in practice, it is toward the arithmetic premium, because, when compounded over many periods, an arithmetic mean return is the one that gives the expected value (i.e., mean) of the probability distribution of expected ending values.…
First of all, cost of capital is an essential component in WACC. WACC is composed of cost of equity and cost of debt.The Mortensen’s estimates are used in various ways including asset appraisals for both capital budgeting and financial accounting, performance assessments, M&A proposals and stock repurchases at division ,business unit level and corporate level.…
To find Nike’s cost of debt, we used three different methods: the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) (Exhibit 7), the Dividend Discount Model (DDM) (Exhibit 5), and the Earnings Capitalization Model (ECM) (Exhibit 8). We decided that the CAPM gave us the most accurate estimate of Nike’s cost of debt, and we used that in arriving at our before-tax cost of debt of 7.173% and our final after-tax cost of debt of 4.447% (Exhibit 6). To find our WACC, we used the market value of equity and debt to determine our weights of equity and debt. Our weight of equity is 89.947% and our weight of debt is 10.053%. Using the above numbers, we calculated a WACC of 7.338% (Exhibit 9).…
Q: What characteristics about Nike contributed to their troubles with i2 becoming nothing more than a speed bump?…
The yields on the government treasury securities are used as the risk-free rate. You can use returns either on the short term or the long term treasury securities. It is a common practice to use the return on the short term treasury bills as the risk free rate. Since investments are long term decisions, many analysts prefer to use…
Jeff Ballinger is a labor activist since high school who believes that any company should have a significant obligation towards even its lowliest workers. While being assigned to run AAFLI (Asian-American Free Labor Association) he was charged to investigate labor conditions in Indonesia plants and study minimum wage compliance by American companies. He chose Nike as his main target in effort to change labor conditions in manufacturing companies in Asia. Ballinger argued that Nike was responsible for working conditions of manufacturing workers in Indonesia that violate human rights even though all the factories were owned by third parties as Nike was outsourcing its manufacturing needs. Ballinger also believed that Nike encouraged its contractors to mistreat their workers to achieve unrealistic production quotas. Moreover, he pointed out that in 1988 out of 17,000 violations reported, only 12 prosecutions were ever made. Mainly due to bribery. In my opinion, Jeff Ballinger did bring out an important issue to a spotlight but did not provide solid arguments specific to Nike case. To achieve his goal, I think it was smart of him to put a rising star company in the spotlight. However, it was unfair. From the article it appears that even though Nike was paying minimum wages set by the government of Indonesia, it would not have lived up to Ballinger’s standards as his calculations were based on how much Nike was making in profits compared to the amount of money spent on labor. In addition he suggests, that the same marketing and branding power that drove Nike’s bottom line could also be used to drive moral outrage against exploitation of Asian workers. To make his point stronger, Ballinger published an annotated pay-stub from an Indonesian factory, making soon-to-be famous comparison between workers’ wages and Michael Jordan’s endorsement contract. I think this is a week argument. Ballinger tries to put 100%…
While there are some companies such as Blackberry, that have struggled to keep up with the growing technology changes and advances, there are also companies like Nike, which has continually innovated and increased marketing to survive over time. Nike is an excellent corporation to study which has had continuous success over a lengthy period of time. Nike has outlasted rivals and maintained its position as the top athletic wear producer in the world.…
* The capital structure of maruti Suzuki is drawn and subsequently the WACC is calculated taking cost of capital which has been calculated using CAPM model.…