p.105).
p.105).
The Annunciation with Saints Ansanus and Margherita is proclaimed to be one of the greatest if not the most magnificent art piece of the Gothic time period. This piece was originally created for the side alter in the Sienna Cathedral but after being passed on to many different Churches it is now located in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence, Italy. In this piece the artist has placed a large amount of iconography into it. The Easiest hidden icon to distinguish is the lilies in the vase in the middle of the picture showing the purity of Mary. Along with the Lilies the artist also has the Archangel Rafael holding an olive branch which is the symbol of peace showing he means no harm to Mary. Lastly, the author also has the Holy Ghost coming down from Heaven surrounded by eight angels representing the Holy Spirit or God is coming into her. Along with all of the iconography there are many other unique characteristics of this picture. For example, it as Mary looking as if she is afraid or startled by the Archangel Raphael coming into her house where as in the majority of the other annunciation pictures Mary is almost welcoming Raphael into the building. Another significant characteristic of this picture is the architecture and…
signals the violence of Christ's death. Giotto is the first artist since ancient Rome to depict…
The paintings above all emphasis the spiritual over the earthly. Because the cult of Mary was at an apex at the time, iconographic elements related to the Life of Mary vastly predominate. The first generation of Netherlandish painters were preoccupied with making religious symbols more…
Irenaeus made an impact on christianity by being both a mediator within the church, and a defender of orthodoxy from outside heretics. His theology placed an emphasis on unity, and authority. Influencial in a time of dispute between eastern and western churches, and a gnostic uprising, Irenaeus of Lyons served as a link that held christianity together, and controlled the growth of gnosticism. According to Irenaeus, gnostics particularily Valentinus gnostics, were considered 'Heretics'. Their belief in dualism was in his view, a perverted twist on true faith. His most known work is a five part refutation of gnosticism entitled Adversus Haereses (Against Heresies). Untill the discovery of gnostic documents at Nag Hammadi near Egypt in 1945, Adversus Haerses was the main source of information about gnosticism. Most of the writings discovered gave accounts very similar to those by Irenaeus, and reinforced the religious and historical validity of his writings. Irenaeus is known as the first great catholic theologian, and played a vital role in the succession of the christian faith.…
The Vietnam war was a very horrible. This war took place in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. Viet Cong, against South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States. This war was for because communism was threatening to expand all over south-east Asia. The Vietnam war went from November 1, 1955 to April 30, 1975.…
In this historical study an analysis of the reformation ideology of the urban slum will be defined through the clearing out of the lower classes in New York City’s Five Points Tenements during the late 19th century. The 19th century “slum” was a negative social and economic development that was based on locating immigrant workers in New York City into low-income tenement projects, which was an attempt to accommodate the massive influx of low-cost labor from Europe. The Five Points is an important example of over-crowded tenement housing that was unsustainable due to disease, poor sanitary conditions, and non-existent housing regulations that regulated the number of people living in these large buildings. During this time many urban “reformers’…
Many of the objects depicted in High Renaissance paintings were there for a reason. In “The Annunciation,” Mary is the largest figure and the main focus. She is shown facing front, with her head tilted toward the floor and her eyes almost closed. In her left hand she is holding the Bible, representing her devoutness to God, her right hand is raised, all fingers pointing up. Archangel Gabriel is on the left side of the panel, shown smaller and wearing the ornate vestments of a priest. His clothes symbolize the similarity between him and the clergy of the Church: they both share the word of God. They are both wearing very loose fitting clothing that have many folds. The Holy Trinity is represented here by God, baby Jesus carrying his cross, and a dove, often a symbol of the Holy Spirit. They are all connected by seven rays of light, flowing directly from God’s mouth onto Mary. The seven rays represent the seven days it took God to create the universe. Gold is used as a symbol to represent divinity (Smith). White lilies in a vase between angel Gabriel and Mary often symbolized Mary’s purity. Written on the vase is “Ave Regina,” representing the Hail Mary prayer. The Latin words written in gold are archangel Gabriel telling Mary, “‘Behold, you will conceive in your womb and bear a son, and you shall name him Jesus’” (Luke 1:31). Symbolism can also be found in the frame of the painting. The three arches at the…
The second council of nicaea was convened by empress irene on september 24, 787 and took place in the hagia sophia in nicaea. the purpose of this council was to discuss a practice that was already condemned by the council of hieria 33 years ago. the practice discussed was the use of icons. the conflict started with Emperor Leo III when he actively made movements against this practice. part of his campaign against this practice was at the council of hieria which was during leo's reign. Then the campaign continued with Constantine V, his son. THis discussion of iconoclasm continued after Constantine V and his son died because Irene was the only one who took the throne. Irene called for another council to discuss whether they should use icons…
Christians were under persecutions for their faith since the first century. After the second century, the persecution of Christians became more widely. There were four main general persecutions during the third century; each of them lasted no more than three years. However, after almost half century’s peace, it burst the Great Persecution which lasted for ten years at the beginning of the fourth century. The church were commanded to “be leveled to the ground and the Scriptures be destroyed by fire, and those who held places of honor be degraded, and servants who persisted in Christianity be deprived of freedom”. It was the longest persecution Christians experienced before Constantine became the emperor. The great persecution was not an accident,…
Through the years , Christianity was one of the most questioned religion . Although , Christianity became a ruling religion in the European and Western world.Religion became a state of the Roman Empire, and Christianity became an enormous and influential religion nationwide . Some still wonder why and how religion has shaped through centuries, yet it’s clear that it is and was one of the most important events in history. Christianity changed the western world in so many different ways during the Middle ages and adapted now in the global world since The Enlightenment.…
When we think of religion we often think of going to Church on Sunday to listen to hymns performed by the choir and preaching. The true definition of religion is that it’s an organized collection of beliefs, cultural systems, and world views that relate to humanity to an order of existence. In other words it’s where a group of likeminded believers join to express and share what they believe in collectively. Throughout the world there were five major religions Christianity, Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism and Judaism. Today there are roughly 4,200 types of religions with New Age being the fastest growing religion today .…
To be a Christian during the time of the fall of the Roman Empire would not be a pleasant time to live. Christians believed in a higher power and devoted their lives, souls, and minds to God. And by doing this, they inevitably sealed their fate to be persecuted. Christianity began to rise slowly, but began to rise rapidly after the death of Jesus. The Romans had many problems with the Christians and they showed their anger by pursuing the Christian's faith, which proved to back fire because the Christian belief just grew stronger.…
The mixing of peoples during the Hellenistic era is one of the trends that influence religion and philosophy. Kings sponsoring new deities, the increase in popularity of mystery religions, and the growth of practical philosophies, were other trends that influenced religion and philosophy.…
"Said a Christian, expostulating with the heathen rulers who were urging forward the persecution: You may "kill us, torture us, condemn us....Your injustice is the proof that we are innocent....Nor does your cruelty...avail you.." "The oftener we are mown down by you, the more in number we grow; the blood of Christ is seed." (Persecution in the First Century) These people were known for their unswerving faith in the One who had come about 30 years ago as the man known as Jesus; the only person who changed the world in what had, was, and were to come in merely 33 years. After the death of Christ in 29 A.D., His disciples were given instructions known to us today as "the Great Commission" written in Matthew 28:18-20. It reads, “And Jesus came and spoke to them, saying, “All authority has been given to Me in heaven and on earth. Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name…
One of the reasons the early church was persecuted was because of the emperors that ruled the Roman Empire like Nero who reigned from 54-68 A.D. Nero who was bloody and treacherous had his mother stabbed to death; his wife beheaded and also kicked his mistress to death while she was pregnant. These incidents did however; overshadowed some of the other things he attempted to do, like albeit without success, the abolition of indirect taxes (to help farmers), the building of a Corinthian canal and the resettlement of people whose homes were lost in the Great Fire of Rome in 64 A.D. The city of Rome burned by a fire that was started by Nero and blamed on the Christian community. While the city burning and people were being burned alive. Nero sat down and played the lyre and sang songs enjoying the spectacle. Nero later committed suicide due to political turmoil with his last saying, “What a showman the world is losing in me.” [1]…