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Mathematical Models for Estimating Damages
Due to Natural Disasters in the Philippines
A thesis proposal submitted to
Dr. EFREN S. CONSEMINO in partial fulfillment of the requirement in Fundamental of Research ( Edu 51)
Submitted by:
Perla V. Cruzada
Joe Rico B. Ducay
Ralph Laurence S. Manubay
Maribeth B. Maraya
March, 2014
CHAPTER 1
The Problem and Its Background
Introduction
Philippines is situated in the world’s hazard belts and are subject to floods, droughts, cyclones, earthquakes, windstorms, tidal waves and landslides, etc. The major natural disasters that occur periodically are largely due to climatic and seismic factors.
Disasters can result from meteorological phenomena such as typhoons and hurricanes, sheet flooding and marine and river-based floods, geological processes such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and tsunami and climatic phenomenon such as the El Nino Southern Oscillation that results in a lowering of mean sea level in the east of the region, failure of the monsoon rains in India, and drought in Indonesia and Australia.
The Philippines has a tropical marine climate dominated by a rainy season and a dry season. The summer monsoon brings heavy rains to most of the archipelago from May to October, whereas the winter monsoon brings cooler and drier air from December to February. Most of the lowland areas are hot and dusty from March to May. Annual rainfall measures as much as 5,000 millimeters in the mountainous east coast section of the country, but less than 1,000 millimeters in some of the sheltered valleys. Monsoon rains, although hard and drenching, are not normally associated with high winds and waves. But the Philippines do sit astride the typhoon belt, and it suffers an annual onslaught of dangerous storms from July through October.
In the last decade, the Philippines have suffered severely from natural disasters. In 1990 alone, Central Luzon was hit by both a drought, which sharply
Due to Natural Disasters in the Philippines
A thesis proposal submitted to
Dr. EFREN S. CONSEMINO in partial fulfillment of the requirement in Fundamental of Research ( Edu 51)
Submitted by:
Perla V. Cruzada
Joe Rico B. Ducay
Ralph Laurence S. Manubay
Maribeth B. Maraya
March, 2014
CHAPTER 1
The Problem and Its Background
Introduction
Philippines is situated in the world’s hazard belts and are subject to floods, droughts, cyclones, earthquakes, windstorms, tidal waves and landslides, etc. The major natural disasters that occur periodically are largely due to climatic and seismic factors.
Disasters can result from meteorological phenomena such as typhoons and hurricanes, sheet flooding and marine and river-based floods, geological processes such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and tsunami and climatic phenomenon such as the El Nino Southern Oscillation that results in a lowering of mean sea level in the east of the region, failure of the monsoon rains in India, and drought in Indonesia and Australia.
The Philippines has a tropical marine climate dominated by a rainy season and a dry season. The summer monsoon brings heavy rains to most of the archipelago from May to October, whereas the winter monsoon brings cooler and drier air from December to February. Most of the lowland areas are hot and dusty from March to May. Annual rainfall measures as much as 5,000 millimeters in the mountainous east coast section of the country, but less than 1,000 millimeters in some of the sheltered valleys. Monsoon rains, although hard and drenching, are not normally associated with high winds and waves. But the Philippines do sit astride the typhoon belt, and it suffers an annual onslaught of dangerous storms from July through October.
In the last decade, the Philippines have suffered severely from natural disasters. In 1990 alone, Central Luzon was hit by both a drought, which sharply
Bibliography: Mendenhall, W. Beaver, B. & Beaver, R. (1999).Introduction to Probability and Statistics. New York: Duxbury Press, 10th edition, pages 515 – 525. Philippine Daily Inquirer, Tuesday, October 16, 2012 C Arceo, E. & Echano, M. (2011). Students Related Factors: Their Relationship to Achievement in Trigonometry. Unpublished thesis, Jose Rizal University. Hernandez, J.P. & Robles, R. (2011). Motivational Factors Related to the Mathematical Performance of the BS Management Students. Unpublished thesis, Jose Rizal University. http://ci.columbia.edu/ci/premba_test/c0331/s7/s7_6.html September 17, 2013 2:42pm Marbella, Winston A., Philippine Daily Inquirer, First Posted 01:28:00 11/30/2010 Philippines is most disaster-affected country in 2012 April 8, 2013 by CDRC Admin aug 18, 2013 10:41pm www.slate.com/blogs/the_world_/2013/11/11haiyan_why_docs_the_philippines_have_such_bad_natural_disaster february 18, 2014 effects of natural disaster sept 19,2013 11:29pm Date of Birth : July 13, 1991 Place of Birth : Cavite