Notecard

Imperialism: 1 countries domination of the political, economic, and social life of another country. Forms: colony(control everything) protectorate(had its own gov but policies guided by a foreign power) sphere of influence(economic only). Needed raw materials + desire for new markets. Acquire lands often thru military measures. Nationalism: pride in 1’s own nation. Desire for independence, self-rule, + restoration of their customs and traditions. Helped stir revolts. Bcame 1 of the most pwrful forces @ wrk in Europe during the 1800s. Conscription: compulsory call to military service +universal military training. Draft to call up 18-45 yr olds. Many pwers adopted this to increase military arms.Coup d’etat: sudden overthrow of gov leaders by a small group. Quick seizure of power. Nap and Louis napoleon did this. Sphere of influence. Area in a country where the imperial power has exclusive rights to trade or invest. Form of imperialism. Divide china into s.o.p. in 1890’s. _______________________________
(nephew of austro-hungarian emperor francis joseph) Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated by gavrilo princip in Sarajevo- capital of bosnia.
Serbia held responsible. Germany sends ah blank check to show support. A.h. gve Serbia ultimatum with conditions to avoid consequences.
Serbs response not satisfy ah and they mobilze and declare war. The European alliance system dragged a whole continent into war…a local dispute between ah and Serbian into a global conflict. Years of deadlock, trench warfare, and single battles that killed millions. the two sides included the central powers: germ, ah, Bulgaria, ottoman empire. Allied powers: gb, fran, russ, serb, and us. The result of ww I left many dead and nations bankrupt. Central power nations were broken up and new nations were formed. They lost terrioty and prestige. The treaty of Versailles left Germany and other defeated nations weakened and Germanys resentment formed into Nazism two decades later. One local dispute..changed
Europes economical geographical and political ways it function and the results of this world war lead into even bigger agruments. ______________
Napoleon- French general overthrows directory in 1799. Dictatorship. Coup d’etat. Created new schools. Found Bank of France(required every1 2 pay taxes and use $ 4 gov to make loans to businesses, still in place today. Created Napoleonic code(greatest impact on French law)- religious freedom, equality, but put state above indiv and limited womens rights. Crowned himself emperor..invaded nearly every country in Europe. When he was not able to defeat gb- Created continental system- ordered all euro nations he had conquered to stop trade with gb(failed). Put other relatives in charge of other countries. Started tons of wars and killed millions. Russia defeated him and all of his enemies revolted against him. Exiled to elba.
Influence: Spread ideas of equality b4 law, religious tolerance, and advancement by merit rather than by birth. His rules set uniform standards of gov, reformed tax systems, promoted education, + improved agriculture and industry.

Business organization controlled by stockholders: corporation Gregor mendel used pea plants to study: genetics Original inhabitants of new Zealand: maori
Raids on jewish communities in Russia: pogrom Dutch s Africans who believed in apartheid: Afrikaners/boers Last czar of Russia: Nicholas II
Largest and most powerful german state: Prussia Lowest social class in la: African natives Blamed Germany for all of WWI: treaty of Versailles
The bastille symbolized this to the French ppl: evils of the king Passanger ship sunk by Germany that killed americans: Lusitania
Person who recommended self rule for Canada- lord durham Jewish militart officer of france unfairly accused of treason: aldred dreyfus
1st country to revolutionize:Britain romanticism: movement in which artists would emphasize human motion and imagination over reason iron law of wages states: as pop increases, wages diminish psychology: science of human behavior in individuals highest class in la: peninsulaares british north American act: divided Canada into French and british Canada(upper and lower) 1st liberal prime minister of England: sir Robert walpolle
1st chancellor of Germany: otto von Bismarck treaty that ended japans isolation from rest of the world: treaty of Kanagawa group responsible for negotiating peace in WWI: france us gb and Italy interchangeable parts: eli whitney believed in scientific socialism: marx and engles factory system: organized method of production that brought workers and machines under the control of managers southern german states didn’t like Prussia because of their: religion (s germ catholic and n germ Lutheran) area in SE Europe w/ many nationalities: Balkans organization responsible for death of franz Ferdinand: black hand(union of death) wanted more voting rights: chartists results of alexanders II rule of Russia: free slaves and radical movement result of opium war: treaty of nanking young leader of Germany who dismissed Bismarck: Kaiser William II two house legislature: democracy marx belived the proletariat would overthrow the: bourgeoisie leader of Bolsheviks: vladmir llyich olyanov liberals followed ideas when revolting france: enlightenment greatest impact of the scientific revolution: scientific method-way of evaluating and thinkg mass production: machines that produce huge quantities of identical goods darwins thory of evolution: must fight to survive.. things adapt and change country part of triple alliance butnot central powers: Italy conservative party: tory country that fought with Prussia against Denmark:Austria
Germany won this aprt of land at end of franco Prussian war:Alsace and Lorraine 1st man to unite Italy:guiseppe Mazzini nothingness:nihilism liberals and workers unnited into: labor party he visited new zeland and Australia: james cook no gov intervention in economy: laissez faire theory that strongest will survive: Charles Darwin Bismarck attempt toe destroy the cc: ending papal infallibility
Increase survival by cutting down disease: carbolic acid-sterilize
Alexander III attempt to force Russians to act and think the same: russification 2nd highest social class in latin amerce: creoles social gov in france: commune first Russian parliament: duma believed in separation of powers and checks and balances: Montesquieu
Haitian leader who led a successful uprising: Toussaint Venezuelan who liberated many countries in south America: Simon Bolivar
Wrote the book hard times: charles dickens