Notes Final exam Semester 2
Chapter 15 (23): Black Holes
a) 15.1: Principle of equivalence
(1) The Principle of equivalence: Idea that life in a free falling laboratory and life with no gravity is equivalent. ii) 15.1.2 Gravity or acceleration:
(1) In space shuttle it appears as though there is no gravity or force but in reality everything from the shuttle to the pencil inside the shuttle is continuously falling but cause it’s all at the same speed it appears as force less.
b) 15. 2 Space-time and gravity
(1) Einstein preferred to think that space and time are affected by gravity; light beams and everything else that travels through space is effected as well
(a) Light always follows the shortest path: but that isn’t always straight ii) 15.2.1 Linkage: Mass, Space and Time:
(1) The presence of mass (gravity) curves or warps the fabric of space-time.
(2) Matter tells space-time how to curve and the curvature of space time tells other matter how to move.
(3) The amount of distortion in space time depends on mass involved and how concentrated and compacted it.
(a) Book on earth has not enough mass to distort
(i) Hence why this is not seen on earth
(b) Mass like a white dwarf produce more distortion than a red giant with same mass. iii) 15.2.2: Space time examples:
(1) Time is distorted as well but hard to explain in a diagram.
c) 15.3: Tests of General Relativity:
(1) Testing was hard because it could only be done with huge mass
(a) Small masses follow newton’s theory. ii) 15.3.1:Mecury Wobble:
(1) Mercury orbits closest to sun & thus most affect by the distortion of space-time produced by the suns gravity
(2) Einstein wonder if the distortion might produce a noticeable difference in motion of mercury that wasn’t predicted by Newton’s theory
(i) Mercury is highly elliptical that it is only two third as far from the sun at perihelion as aphelion.
(ii) The gravitational effect of other planet on mercury should produce an advance of it perihelion.
(iii) In the last century
a) 15.1: Principle of equivalence
(1) The Principle of equivalence: Idea that life in a free falling laboratory and life with no gravity is equivalent. ii) 15.1.2 Gravity or acceleration:
(1) In space shuttle it appears as though there is no gravity or force but in reality everything from the shuttle to the pencil inside the shuttle is continuously falling but cause it’s all at the same speed it appears as force less.
b) 15. 2 Space-time and gravity
(1) Einstein preferred to think that space and time are affected by gravity; light beams and everything else that travels through space is effected as well
(a) Light always follows the shortest path: but that isn’t always straight ii) 15.2.1 Linkage: Mass, Space and Time:
(1) The presence of mass (gravity) curves or warps the fabric of space-time.
(2) Matter tells space-time how to curve and the curvature of space time tells other matter how to move.
(3) The amount of distortion in space time depends on mass involved and how concentrated and compacted it.
(a) Book on earth has not enough mass to distort
(i) Hence why this is not seen on earth
(b) Mass like a white dwarf produce more distortion than a red giant with same mass. iii) 15.2.2: Space time examples:
(1) Time is distorted as well but hard to explain in a diagram.
c) 15.3: Tests of General Relativity:
(1) Testing was hard because it could only be done with huge mass
(a) Small masses follow newton’s theory. ii) 15.3.1:Mecury Wobble:
(1) Mercury orbits closest to sun & thus most affect by the distortion of space-time produced by the suns gravity
(2) Einstein wonder if the distortion might produce a noticeable difference in motion of mercury that wasn’t predicted by Newton’s theory
(i) Mercury is highly elliptical that it is only two third as far from the sun at perihelion as aphelion.
(ii) The gravitational effect of other planet on mercury should produce an advance of it perihelion.
(iii) In the last century