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Notes on History World Affairs Gce O-Levels Course 2138

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Notes on History World Affairs Gce O-Levels Course 2138
Peace Treaties
Peace Treaties

Versailles
Aim: punish Germany, prevent war and allow self-determination
Territorial
Aim: to weaken Germany by taking away territories, to get compensation for cost of war by gaining land, and to allow for self-determination
-Germany lost 13.5% of land, 12.5% of population, 15% of farm production, 48% iron production and 16% coal production Alsace-Lorraine | France | Eupen, Moresnet, Malmedy | Belgium | North Schleswig | Denmark (through plebiscite) self-determination | West Prussia, Posen, Upper Silesia | Poland (make Poland stronger by having access to Baltic Sea increase trade ↑economic growth | Danzig | Free City under LoN | Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania | Independent states self-determination | Memel | Lithuania | Saar | Under LoN for 15yrs, then plebiscite; France allowed use of coalmines | Rhineland | Demilitarised under allied control for 15 years | Anschluss | Forbidden |
Colonies
-Germany had to renounce all rights to her colonies
-became mandates under LoN
-supposedly administered by advanced nations who would help them develop into modern states
-ended up being used for Allies’ own purposes; equivalent to annexation German East Africa, parts of Togoland, Cameroon | Britain | Togoland, Cameroon | France | German Southwest Africa | South Africa |
-Germany also had to give up trade concessions in China and Morocco
-The Rhine, Elbe, Oder and upper Danube were placed under International Control
Outcome: Germans were upset by the loss of land as it meant reduction in production of agriculture, iron and coal which would weaken Germany
Military
Aim: To keep Germany’s military strength weak so that it could not threaten its neighbours again
-army was limited to 100 000 volunteers enlisted for 12 years and there were to be no tanks, armoured cars, heavy artillery or military aircraft
-navy was restricted to 6 battleships of limited tonnage, 6 cruisers, 12 destroyers, a handful of
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